Download How are diseases spread?

How are diseases spread?
11.2
Pathogens
• Pathogens are microorganisms that cause
diseases.
• How do they cause diseases?
• They have to enter our bodies.
How do pathogens get into a body?
• Through cuts in the skin – from injury, or
insect/animal bites.
How do pathogens get into a body?
• Through the digestive system – when you eat
and drink
How do pathogens get into a body?
• Through the respiratory system – when you
breathe through your mouth and nose.
How do pathogens get into a body?
• Through the reproductive system – during
sexual intercourse.
Chlamydia – can be treated with
antibiotics – so what kind of infection
is it?
Name 4 ways pathogens can enter
your body
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1
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4
How to avoid catching a disease
• By covering your mouth and nose.
• When somebody sneezes or coughs, tiny
drops of liquid are released into the air.
• Droplet infection
• Colds and flu are spread by this method
How to avoid catching a disease
• By not touching
• Some diseases are contagious.
• Spread by touching infected people or things
they have touched.
• What have these 2 got?
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By using protection.
Syphillis
Gonorrhoea
HIV
• By not sharing needles.
• People who inject medicines or illegal drugs
should never share needles.
• Disease can be passed on in blood on the
needle.
• HIV Hepatitis
How to prevent diseases spreading
• Be hygienic
• What does that mean?
Cook food properly
• Some animals contain bacteria that could
cause food poisoning.
• Some species of E. coli and Salmonella.
• If foods are cooked properly the bacteria will
be killed.
• Keep raw and cooked food separate.
Drink clean water
• Untreated water can contain microorganisms
that cause diseases like cholera and typhoid.
• Could happen after flooding if sewage
contaminates the water supply.
• You must boil water of use sterilisation
tablets.
Protect from animal bites
• Mosquitos spread Malaria
• They bite an infected person, then someone
else.
• Take anti-malarial drugs.
• Use insect repellent spray
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/themalaria-cycle/6989.html
Wash your hands
• Reduce risk of infection from microorganisms
wash your hands regularly.
Cover cuts and grazes
• Thoroughly clean a cut.
• Cover with a plaster so that microorganisms
cannot enter your body.
Health and safety
• Employees and clients
• Ensure work places are hygienic.
Restaurants
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Checked by environmental health officers.
Premises must be clean.
Food is stored and cooked properly.
To prevent spread of microorganisms which
could cause food poisoning.
Swimming pools
• Lifeguards trained to check water purity in
swimming pools.
• Use chemicals to ensure that water is clean.
• Prevent the spread of waterborne diseases.
Personal hygiene
• Wash hands thoroughly before preparing and
eating food.
• Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
• Ideally use a tissue that can be immediately
binned.
Cholera
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/ma
nchester-cholera-epidemic-1832-pt-12/3312.html
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/ma
nchester-cholera-epidemic-1832-pt-22/3313.html