Download Organization of the Human Body

Organization of the Human
Body
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Printed: September 13, 2012
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C ONCEPT
Concept 1. Organization of the Human Body
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Organization of the Human
Body
Lesson 21.1: True or False
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.
_____ 1. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in the human body.
_____ 2. The human body consists of four tissue types.
_____ 3. Bone is an example of epithelial tissue.
_____ 4. Epithelial tissue is made up of cells that only line outer body surfaces.
_____ 5. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move.
______6. Neurons carry electrical messages.
_____ 7. After tissues, organs are the next level of organization of the human body.
_____ 8. An organ is a structure that consists of only two types of tissues that work together to do the same job.
_____ 9. The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs its nutrients.
_____ 10. The endocrine system removes excess fluid from tissues and transports substances.
_____ 11. All of the organs and organ systems of the human body work together like a well-oiled machine.
_____ 12. The nervous system controls virtually all body activities.
_____ 13. Keeping a stable internal environment does not require constant adjustments.
_____ 14. A low concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood triggers faster breathing.
_____ 15. A low level of water in the blood triggers retention of water by the kidneys.
Lesson 21.1: Critical Reading
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow.
Maintaining Homeostasis
The process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment is called homeostasis. Keeping
a stable internal environment requires constant adjustments. Here are just three of the many ways that human organ
systems help the body maintain homeostasis:
• Respiratory system: A high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood triggers faster breathing. The lungs
exhale more frequently, which removes carbon dioxide from the body more quickly.
• Excretory system: A low level of water in the blood triggers retention of water by the kidneys. The kidneys
produce more concentrated urine, so less water is lost from the body.
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• Endocrine system: A high concentration of sugar in the blood triggers secretion of insulin by an endocrine
gland called the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb sugar from the blood.
Failure of Homeostasis
Many homeostatic mechanisms such as these work continuously to maintain stable conditions in the human body.
Sometimes, however, the mechanisms fail. When they do, cells may not get everything they need, or toxic wastes
may accumulate in the body. If homeostasis is not restored, the imbalance may lead to disease or even death.
Questions
1. What is homeostasis?
2. What is the result of the lungs exhaling more frequently?
3. What is the result of a more concentrated urine?
4. What is the function of insulin?
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Concept 1. Organization of the Human Body
5. If there is a failure of homeostasis and homeostasis is not restored, what may happen?
Lesson 21.1: Multiple Choice
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Circle the letter of the correct choice.
a. Approximately how many cells does the average person reaching adulthood have?
a.
b.
c.
d.
100 thousand
100 million
100 billion
100 trillion
b. Cartilage is an example of which of the following tissues?
a.
b.
c.
d.
connective tissue
epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
none of the above
c. The lymphatic system removes which of the following from tissues?
a.
b.
c.
d.
excess gases
excess fluids
excess solids
none of the above
d. All of the organs and organ systems of the human body work well together because they are closely regulated
by which of the following systems?
a.
b.
c.
d.
lymphatic and nervous
endocrine and muscular
nervous and endocrine
circulatory and lymphatic
e. Which of the following systems secretes hormones?
a.
b.
c.
d.
nervous
endocrine
circulatory
respiratory
f. Which of the following systems produces gametes?
a. reproductive
b. endocrine
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c. circulatory
d. nervous
g. Insulin is secreted by an endocrine gland called the
a.
b.
c.
d.
thyroid.
pineal body.
pancreas.
gall bladder.
h. The correct order of levels of organization is
a.
b.
c.
d.
cell → organ → tissue → organism.
cell → tissue → organ → organ system.
organelle → cell → organ → organ system.
atom → cell → organ → tissue.
i. Which of the following statements is true concerning maintaining homeostasis? (1) Homeostasis is maintained
through the interactions of a number of organ systems. (2) Not maintaining homeostasis can lead to death.
(3) A high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood triggers faster breathing to remove the oxygen. (4) A
high level of water in the blood triggers retention of water by the kidneys.
a.
b.
c.
d.
1 only
1 and 2
3 and 4
All four statements are correct.
Lesson 21.1: Vocabulary I
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition.
Definitions
_____ 1. a structure that consists of two or more types of tissues that work together to do the same job
_____ 2. made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages
_____ 3. made up of cells that form the body’s structure
_____ 4. a group of connected cells that have a similar function
_____ 5. takes in oxygen and releases waste gases
_____ 6. made up of cells that line body surfaces
_____ 7. secretes hormones that regulate other organs and organ systems
_____ 8. basic units of structure and function in the human body
_____ 9. a hormone that helps cells absorb sugar from the blood
_____ 10. process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment
_____ 11. made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter
_____ 12. a group of organs that work together to carry out a complex overall function
Terms
a. cells
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Concept 1. Organization of the Human Body
b. connective tissue
c. endocrine system
d. epithelial tissue
e. homeostasis
f. insulin
g. muscle tissue
h. nervous tissue
i. organ
j. organ system
k. respiratory system
l. tissue
Lesson 21.1: Vocabulary II
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Fill in the blank with the appropriate term.
1. The human machine is organized at different levels, starting with the cell and ending with the entire _______________.
2. At each higher level of organization, there is a greater degree of _______________.
3. Many human cells are specialized in form and _________________.
4. Muscle cells have many __________________ that provide the energy they need to move the body.
5. After the cell, the ________________ is the next level of organization in the human body.
6. _________________ tissue protects the body and its internal organs.
7. Epithelial tissue secretes substances such as ________________.
8. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the _______________ that connect the brain to all parts of the body.
9. Human organs are organized into organ _________________.
10. The __________________ system takes in oxygen and releases waste gases.
11. The skeletal system provides ___________________ to the body and protects internal organs.
12. Functioning together, the organ systems keep _______________, pH, and other conditions at just the right levels
to support life processes.
Lesson 21.1: Critical Writing
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Thoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences.
Describe the four types of tissues and give an example of each.
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