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6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four
chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of the
blood through the heart
Some terms and functions
ventricles – pump blood through the body or to the
lungs
atria – pump blood to the ventricles
valves – prevent blood from going the wrong direction
(backflow)
arteries – carry blood away from the heart (the aorta is
the main artery)
veins – carry blood to the heart (the superior and
inferior vena cava are the main veins)
6.2.2 State that the coronary arteries supply the heart muscle
with oxygen and nutrients
The heart muscle is very active and needs
a lot of oxygen, glucose and other
nutrients
It would be impossible for the heart to
obtain these nutrients from the fast
flowing blood that travels through the
chambers
The walls of the heart are covered with a
network of coronary arteries and
capillaries
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves
Right Side
The right atrium collects blood
from the body from the vena cava
The muscle of the right atrium
contracts which pushes the blood
past the tricuspid valve into the
right ventricle
The right atrium muscle relaxes
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves
Right Side
The right ventricle muscle
contracts increasing the blood
pressure in that chamber
This causes the tricuspid valve to
close and semilunar valve opens
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves
Right Side
Blood flows into the pulmonary
arteries and the pressure causes
the semilunar valve to close
Blood travels to the lungs and then
back to the left atrium
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves
Left Side
The left atrium collects blood from
the lungs from the pulmonary vein
The muscle of the left atrium
contracts which pushes the blood
past the mitral (bicuspid) valve into
the left ventricle
The left atrium muscle relaxes
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves
Left Side
The left ventricle muscle contracts
increasing the blood pressure in that
chamber
This causes the mitral valve to close
The semilunar valve to opens
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves
Left Side
Blood flows into the aorta and the
pressure causes the semilunar valve
to close
Blood travels through the body and
returns to the right atrium
The process is repeated
6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting
blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves
This type of circulatory system is called double
circulation because the blood goes from the
heart to the lungs back to the heart and then to
the body.
All mammals have this type of transport system
Important to remember:
• The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than
the right ventricle.
• This is because the left ventricle must pump
the blood through the entire body and the
right ventricle needs only to pump the blood
to the lungs