Download Unit 4 Test Review Key

Unit 4 Test Review Vocabulary Please match the following vocabulary terms with the correct definition. 1.
Heliocentric Theory ___c__ 2.
Humanism ___f__ 3.
Renaissance __h___ 4.
Protestant Reformation __m___ 5.
Secular __b___ 6.
Mercantilism __g___ 7.
Scientific Revolution _____ j 8.
Monarchy __d___ 9.
Theocracy _i____ 10. Separation of Powers __l___ 11. Absolutism ___o__ 12. Columbian Exchange __e___ 13. Classicism __n__ 14. Vernacular __p___ 15. Black Death __a___ 16. Great Schism __k___ a.
Devastating pandemic killing millions of people in Europe that was spread through trading routes. b. Not pertaining to or connected with a religion c. Theory that the earth revolves around the sun d. A system of government in which one person reigns, usually a king or a queen. e. A period of cultural exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. f. An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine matters. g. A system in which a civilization attempts to amass wealth through trade with other countries; increasing stores of golds and precious metals. h. A cultural rebirth in Europe based on the rediscovery of Greece and Rome. i.
A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God. j.
The emergence of modern science during the Renaissance time period. k. A division in the Roman Catholic Church that resulted in the Eastern and Western Churches. l.
The principle that limits the powers vested in any person or institution. m. A major movement aimed to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. n. The following of ancient Greek and Roman principles in art and literature. o. A political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers. p. A language or dialect native to a region or civilization (slang). People: Please match the following person with their correct description. 1. Martin Luther __b___ 2. Peter the Great __e___ 3. Elizabeth I __h___ 4. Galileo ___a__ 5. Copernicus __g___ 6. Shakespeare __f___ 7. Catherine the Great __k___ 8. Michelangelo __p___ 9. Da’Vinci ___o__ 10. Thomas Aquinas__n___ 11. Pythagoras ___c__ 12. Newton __l___ 13. Archimedes _____ j 14. Eratosthenes __m___ 15. Robert Boyle__i___ 16. Zheng He __d___ a.
Italian mathematician and astronomer who proved Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory correct. b. Wrote the 95 Theses which help to spark the Protestant Reformation‐ he believed that genuine faith in God can give a person salvation, not the selling of indulgences. c. Renaissance mathematician who is known for the Pythagorean theory. d. Chinese admiral who led seven sea voyages which helped China withdraw from isolation. e. Russian Czar known for great reforms of the church and government during his reign. f. A famous writer during the Renaissance who wrote plays and poems. g. Polish astronomer who discovered the Heliocentric Theory to be true. h. English Queen who did much during her reign to support the development of English art and literature during the Renaissance time period i.
Considered the founder of modern chemistry – pioneered the use of the scientific method. j.
Greek Hellenistic scientist who estimated the value of pi and explained the law of the lever. k. Russian ruler who ruled with absolute power and authority‐ she brought reform to Russia using the ideas or Renaissance thinkers. l.
Renaissance scientist who came up with the laws of motion. m. Renaissance astronomer and mathematician who calculated the Earth’s true size using geometry n. Medieval scholar that argued the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument. This helped influence the revolutions to come in France and the Americas o. Painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist known as a true “Renaissance Man”. Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper p. Like Da’Vinci was a true “Renaissance Man” most known for the way he portrayed the human body in paintings and sculptures. Renaissance What was the Renaissance? “Rebirth” in the appreciation and understanding of the art, architecture, and cultures of classical Greece and Rome. Where did the Renaissance take place? Began in Italy (within rich trading cities like Venice, Florence, and Milan) What intellectual legacy did the Renaissance leave claiming the Earth orbits the Sun? Heliocentric Theory What was Europe’s commercial revolution? Renaissance ideas and products quickly spread all over Europe. People strove to improve their material conditions, while the wealthy accumulated more luxury goods. This encouraged an increase in trade, a greater variety of products, and the growth of cities. What was the economic system Europe put into place to gain wealth from the Americas? Triangular Trade What was the Scientific Revolution? During the Renaissance, secularism increased as people began to show greater interest in this world than “afterlife” due to weakening of the Church in Europe. As a result, people used observation and experience to explain the world, rather than simply relying on traditional Church teachings. This spirit of inquiry led to important discoveries in science. Which European monarch shared the power to rule with Parliament? Elizabeth I What invention was made during the Renaissance that demanded books to be written in the vernacular? Gutenberg printing press The picture above is what theory? Who invented this theory? Heliocentric Theory. Nicolas Copernicus. Which two individuals challenged the church during the Renaissance with the Heliocentric Theory? Copernicus and Galileo How did the Black Death help end Feudalism during the Middle Ages in Europe? It created a labor shortage in Europe. As a result, large numbers of peasants escaped from serfdom when landowners and towns, needing laborers, offered them freedom in exchange for work. How did the Great Scchism lead to
o the end off the Middle Ages in Euro
ope? It greattly weakened the Church’s a
authority and
d prestige. In which ways did the
e Black Death
h travel? Ratss with fleas carrying the disease enteered Europe from Asia on trrading ships. Protestan
nt Reformatio
on What wass the Protestaant Reformattion?
The name given to the reform movemen
nt that divideed the church intto Catholic and Protestan
nt Groups Who startted the Reforrmation? Marrtin Luther What effe
ect did the Prrinting Press have on the Protestant Reeformation? It allowed m
mass productiion of printed books and texxt for the firstt time which encouraged the spread o
of new ideas.. As a result, more people also began to learn to read. n? Split from
m Catholic C
Church towaard formatio
on of What spllit occurred during the Reformation
Protestan
nt churches. What kind
d of rulers gained power d
during the Pro
otestant Refo rmation? Seccular rulers As Martin
n Luther starrted the Refo
ormation, wh
hat happenedd to Western
n Europe? TThe power o
of the Catholic C
Church weake
ened and as a result, the kings becam
me the highesst authority, sstarting the rrise of Absolute Monarchies. n Exploration European
What caused the Euro
opeans to starrt exploring? Curiosity: M arco Polo’s ttales of Chinaa make Europ
peans curious about the easst, Bump in the road: The
e Ottoman Em
mpire takes ccontrol of So
outhwest Asia and limits trad
de, Goal o
of expanding ttrade with Assia and bring g luxury goodss to Europe., The Pope req
quires that all ne
ew lands claiimed are con
nverted to Christianity., Peersonal desirre for glory, w
wealth, and ffame., and New
w technologie
es from the M
Muslim world
d made explo
oration possib
ble. What pollicy did Euro
opeans adoptt to economically deal w
with the new
w colonies? The loss of N
Native America labor caused by a variety of European diseases, thaat killed the m
majority of th
hem, indirecttly led to the esstablishment of the Atlan
ntic Slave Trade, transpo
orting African
n slaves to tthe Americass. The Africans w
were immune
e to diseases brought ove
er by Europeaans as well ass tropical diseeases found iin the Americas. t Columbiaan Exchange?? Christophe
er Columbus’’ encounter with peoplee of the Ameericas What is the quickly le
ed to an impo
ortant exchan
nge of produccts, ideas, and
d disease. How did the Columbian Exchange
e effect the Old O and New
w Worlds? Th
he European
n diet was grreatly improved
d by introducction of new
w American foods f
and an
nimals. The Americas weere introduced to livestock animals, wh
heat and oth
her grains fro
om Europe aas well as deeadly diseasees that wiped out significant native popu
ulations. What effects did Europeans exploration have on the slave trade West Africa? In the Americas? As many as 15 million African men and women were enslaved over a 300 year period. Many died during the “Middle Passage,” the voyage across the Atlantic, because of the horrible conditions aboard the ships. Once in the Americas, most Africans worked long hours in the sugar fields of the Caribbean and Brazil, or tobacco and cotton fields in N. America. What were the major reasons Europe wanted to expand their colonies? 

Expand Trade due to desire for goods and the desire to grow wealthy selling goods. Feed their people. The population rebounded after the plague and they needed more land to grow/produce food for the population boom. 
Spread Christianity Which civilizations were most effected by European Exploration in the Americas? How were they effected? The Americas (population destruction and conquest, new goods, plants, diseases), Europe (wealth, new goods, etc.), and Africa (slave trade) Incas, Aztecs, Maya Where were the Incas located? Years of civilization? Along the Pacific coast and in the Andes Mts. Of South America. 1200‐1535. Where were the Aztec located? Years of civilization? Valley of Mexico (central Mexico). 1200‐1521 Where were the Maya located? Years of civilization? Present‐day Guatemala. 1500 BC to 1546 AD. What were the major contributions of the Inca? Stone road network extending over 10,000 miles, food preservation in storehouses, engineering skills (Machu Picchu‐ancient fortress city high in Andes Mts. What were the major contributions of the Aztec? They built huge cities with large palaces, temples, and pyramids. Developed aqueduct systems transporting spring water to cities. Developed causeway system linking mainland with island city (Tenochtitlan) in Lake Texcoco. Developed floating islands to grow food. Astronomy and mathematics used in engineering. What were the major contributions of the Maya? They built huge cities in the jungle with large palaces, temples, and pyramids. They developed their own hieroglyphics (writing system using pictures). They developed a complex numbering system, using zero, along with developing a 365 day calendar to keep up with changing seasons. Mayan artists painted colorful murals to decorate pyramids, palaces, and temples. Developed a ball game, played in a rectangular court, which became popular throughout the Americas. Which prior civilization did the Aztecs borrow practices from? What is an example. Maya. Construction of huge cities with large palaces, temples, and pyramids. What were the Maya & Aztecs main food source? Corn (maize). What were the Inca known for farming? Potatoes and other root crops that could resist cold nights. Ming Dynasty Where was the Ming Dynasty located? Eastern China, as well as parts of Mongolia, Korea, Burma, and Vietnam. What were the years of the Ming Dynasty? 1368‐1644 What contributions are linked to the Ming Dynasty? Naval expeditions/trade through SE Asia, India, and S. America. Ship building (Chinese ships 6X as long European ships). Why did the Ming Dynasty take to sea routes? The Ming emperor wanted to spread news of China’s wealth and power to rest of known world. Who was Zheng He? Chinese sailor who conducted extensive maritime trade and voyages (in the Indian Ocean) What did the Ming Dynasty export on a global scale? Silk and porcelain Ottoman Empire Where was the Ottoman Empire located? The old Islamic World (N. Africa, Eastern Europe, Middle East) What were the years of the Ottoman Empire? 1453‐1918 How were trade routes effected by the Ottoman Empire? Land trade routes (Silk Road) suffered because they were no longer being used by Europe. Merchants along this route lost money. Sea routes became to new, popular routes, putting more money in the pockets of European rulers. Why did the Ottoman Empire help to push European Exploration? It created an obstacle within the trade business of Europe and East Asia (Indian and China). Merchants charged high taxes on Chinese and Indian goods that were in high demand throughout Europe. European monarchs decided to cut out “the middle man” and get goods themselves bypassing the Ottoman Empire using sea trade routes instead of land trade routes.