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Energy Notes Energy • Energy is the ability to do work or make things change. • Energy occurs in two main types: – Potential • Gravitational, Chemical, Electrical, Nuclear, Elastic – Kinetic • Electrical, Thermal, Light, Sound, Wind Kinetic Energy • Kinetic energy is energy of motion. – Only moving objects have kinetic energy Kinetic Energy • A person running has kinetic energy. Potential Energy • Potential energy is energy based on position, shape, or condition – Sometimes referred to as “stored” energy Potential Energy An object on a high shelf has greater potential energy than one placed on a lower shelf. Large molecules, such as sugar, have greater potential energy than smaller molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water. SUGAR (C6H1206) A stretched elastic band has greater potential energy than one that isn’t stretched. H20 CO2 Energy Conversion • To convert something is to change it into another form. • Energy can be converted into different forms, but the amount of energy stays the same. – Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only the form can change. Potential to Kinetic Conversion • Potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy. – Potential energy stored in a battery can be converted to kinetic energy in an electric motor. • The change happens the moment the object begins to move. Kinetic to Potential Conversion • Kinetic energy can be converted to potential energy. – A windmill’s kinetic energy can be converted to potential energy as it charges stored batteries. Kinetic to Potential Conversion • The transformation begins when the object enters a position with potential energy – A MOVING OBJECT MAY STILL HAVE POTENTIAL ENERGY!! Mechanical Systems • A mechanical system is an arrangement of parts that work together. • Simple mechanical systems use potential and kinetic energy – Roller coaster – Pendulum Energy Conservation • Energy is not lost or gained when it is transferred from potential to kinetic. – Energy is CONSERVED. Mechanical Systems and Energy Conversion Mechanical Systems and Energy Conversion Energy Conservation • As an object falls, potential energy decreases and kinetic energy increases. Energy Conservation • As an object is raised, potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases. Thermal Energy • Energy can be transferred from place to place • Heat is given off when an object’s thermal energy is transferred. – Conduction – Convection – Radiation Conduction • Conduction is the transfer of heat energy (thermal energy) by direct contact between particles. Convection • Convection is the transfer of heat energy (thermal energy) through liquids and gases by moving particles. Radiation • Radiation is the transfer of heat energy (thermal energy) by waves. Thermal Energy