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AP PHYSICS 2 (SECONDARY) ESSENTIAL UNIT 4 (E04) (Electric Current) (July 2016) Unit Statement: In this unit, students will continue their study of electricity as charges flow through circuits. They will study the relationships between power, current, potential difference, resistance, and capacitance. Students will use conservation principles to predict behavior within a circuit. (Estimated class time three weeks) Essential Outcomes: (these must be assessed for mastery) 1. The Student Will choose and justify the selection of data needed to determine resistivity for a given material. [LO 1.E.2.1, SP 4.1] 2. TSW make and justify a quantitative or qualitative prediction of the effect of a change in values or arrangements of one or two circuit elements on the currents and potential differences in a circuit containing a small number of sources of emf, resistors, capacitors, and switches in series and/or parallel. [LO 4.E.5.1, LO 4.E.5.2, SP 2.2, SP 6.1, SP 6.4] 3. TSW plan data collection strategies and perform data analysis to examine the values of currents and potential differences in an electric circuit that is modified by changing or rearranging circuit elements, including sources of emf, resistors, and capacitors. [LO 4.E.5.3, SP 2.2, SP 4.2, SP 5.1] 4. TSW analyze data to determine the effect of changing the geometry and/or materials on the resistance or capacitance of a circuit element and relate results to the basic properties of resistors and capacitors. [LO 4.E.4.3, SP 5.1] 5. TSW use conservation of energy principles (Kirchhoff’s loop rule) to describe and make predictions regarding electrical potential difference, charge, and current in steady-state circuits composed of various combinations of resistors and capacitors. [LO 5.B.9.5, SP 6.4] 6. TSW determine missing values and direction of electric current, and when appropriate, charge of capacitors at steady state and potential differences, in various branches of a circuit through appropriate selection of nodes and application of the junction rule. [LO 5.C.3.5, LO 5.C.3.6, LO 5.C.3.7, SP 1.4, SP 2.2] 7. TSW solve problems involving the relationships between power, voltage, energy and current. [SP 2.2] 31 QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E04 Copyright © 1988-2016 Introduced and Practiced Outcomes: 1. TSW answer AP style multiple choice questions that pertain to concepts in this unit. 2. TSW answer AP style free response questions including experimental design, quantitative/qualitative translation, and a paragraph-length argument. Guided or Essential Questions: What factors affect the resistance of a material? How do charge conservation and energy conservation apply to direct current circuits? What is common to elements in series and parallel circuits? How do capacitors affect current in a circuit immediately after a switch is closed, as well as under steady-state conditions? Key Concepts: Electric Current Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Resistors Resistivity Capacitance Storage of Electric Energy Electric Power Resistors in Series and Parallel Kirchhoff’s Rules RC Circuits (steady state only) Common Equations for this Unit: Charged Capacitor Electric Current Resistance Electric Power Ohm’s Law Resistance in Series Resistance in Parallel Capacitance in Parallel Capacitance in Series 32 QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E04 Copyright © 1988-2016 Schedule of Suggested Laboratory experiments (guided inquiry format is suggested for the labs shaded in gray) Unit # Lab Name of Laboratory Description of Lab Associated # Science Practices Students use Vernier circuit board to 4 18 Ohm’s Law Lab 5.1, 6.3 explore the relationship between current potential difference, and resistance in a simple circuit. Students use various shapes of Play-doh to 4 19 Resistivity Lab 1.1, 4.1, 4.3, investigate resistivity. 6.2, 7.1 4 4 4 20 21 22 Build a Circuit: Phet Vernier Circuit Intro Series and Parallel Circuits 4 4 4 4 23 24 25 26 RC Circuits Phet Capacitor Lab DC Challenge Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule Students use the Phet: CCK to design circuits according to circuit diagrams. 1.1, 1.2, 4.2, Students learn to set up circuits according to circuit diagrams and measure current, potential difference, resistance on the given circuits. Students use Phet: Circuit Construction Kit (CCK) to explore the difference between resistors connected in series and parallel circuits. AP Physics 2 Investigation 3 (College Board) Students investigate RC circuits to observe and analyze relationships that exist for different configurations between resistors, capacitors and emf sources. Students use various plate separations on the simulation and measure capacitance. Through graphing, the students discover the relationship between these two quantities. Students build circuits using Phet: CCK to produce desired results. 1.1, 1.2, 4.2, Students build circuits with battery and resistors in various configurations. Measuring currents they discover or validate Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule. 1.4, 2.2, 6.4, 4.3, 4.3, 1.1, 1.2, 4.2, 4.3, 1.4,2.2, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.4 1.4, 2.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.4, 7.2 1.1, 1.2, 4.2, 4.3, 7.2, Suggested Materials: Textbook (required): Giancoli, D.C. Physics: Principles with Applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pearson Education. (Chapters 17:7, 18:1 – 5, 19:1 – 6) Laboratory Texts (required) Puri, O; Zober, P. Physics. A laboratory manual; Boston, Mass. N.Y: Pearson Custom Pub., 2002. 8th edition Appel, K, Ballen, C, Gastineau, J, Vernier, D. Physics with Vernier. Beaverton, OR; Vernier Software and Technology, 2010. (only need one copy for teacher) 33 QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E04 Copyright © 1988-2016 AP Physics 1 and 2 Inquiry-Based Lab Investigations: A Teacher’s Manual Investigation 3 Supplemental Materials: (Optional, but purchase of a single copy of each is highly recommended) O’Kuma, Thomas L., Maloney, D. Hieggelke. Ranking Tasking exercises in Physics. Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 2004 Dukerich. Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics. Beaverton, OR; Vernier Software and Technology, 2012. Suggested Technology Resources: Labs, in-class activities, videos, demos: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/circuit-construction-kit-ac The Phet: Circuit Construction Kit is used for several labs. Follow the Teacher link for the various activities. http://physics.mercer.edu/labs/manuals/manualEMlab/Resistivity.pdf This document can be used for the Resisitivity Lab. RUBRIC FOUND ON FOLLOWING PAGE…………………………… 34 QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E04 Copyright © 1988-2016 Suggested Unit Evaluation Rubric- AP PHYSICS 2- E04 Name: ____________________________________ Date: _______________________ • To receive a ‘B’, the student must show ‘B’ level mastery on all essential outcomes (TSW’s). • The teacher’s discretion on the student’s holistic performance on the unit, including such items as: the above ‘A’ level rubric, the unit project, group work and class discussions will determine ‘A’ level mastery. The Student Will ‘A’ LEVEL ‘B’ LEVEL 1. TSW make predictions about the properties of resistors and/or capacitors when placed in a simple circuit, based on the geometry of the circuit element and supported by scientific theories and mathematical relationships. [LO 4.E.4.1] 2. TSW make and justify a quantitative or qualitative prediction of the effect of a change in values or arrangements of one or two circuit elements on the currents and potential differences in a circuit containing a small number of sources of emf, resistors, capacitors, and switches in series and/or parallel. [LO 4.E.5.1, LO 4.E.5.2] 3. TSW plan data collection strategies and perform data analysis to examine the values of currents and potential differences in an electric circuit that is modified by changing or rearranging circuit elements, including sources of emf, resistors, and capacitors. [LO 4.E.5.3] I can support predictions of resistor and capacitor properties using scientific theories and mathematical relationships. I can predict the properties of resistors and/or capacitors when placed in a simple circuit, based on the geometry of the circuit element. I can justify predictions of current and potential differences in a circuit using scientific principles. I can predict the effect of a change in values or arrangements of one or two circuit elements on the currents and potential differences in a circuit containing a small number of sources of emf, resistors, capacitors, and switches in series and/or parallel. I can perform data analysis to examine the values of currents and potential differences in an electric circuit that is modified by changing or rearranging circuit elements, including sources of emf, resistors, and capacitors I can plan data collection strategies to examine the values of currents and potential differences in an electric circuit that is modified by changing or rearranging circuit elements, including sources of emf, resistors, and capacitors. 4. The Student Will translate between graphical and symbolic representations of experimental data describing relationships among power, current, and potential difference across a resistor. [LO 5.B.9.8] I can translate a graphical representation into symbolic form verifying relationships among power, current and potential difference across a resistor. I can produce a graphical representation of experimental data describing relationships among power, current, and potential difference across a resistor. 35 QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E04 Copyright © 1988-2016 Comments 5. TSW use conservation of energy principles (Kirchhoff’s loop rule) to describe and make predictions regarding electrical potential difference, charge, and current in steady-state circuits composed of various combinations of resistors and capacitors. [LO 5.B.9.5] 6. TSW determine missing values and direction of electric current, and when appropriate, charge of capacitors at steady state and potential differences, in various branches of a circuit through appropriate selection of nodes and application of the junction rule. [LO 5.C.3.5, LO 5.C.3.6, LO 5.C.3.7] 7. TSW solve problems involving the relationships between power, voltage, energy and current. I can explain how to change a circuit that will result in a desired current or potential difference. I can set up appropriate equations to describe and make predictions of electrical potential difference charge, and current in steady-state circuits composed of various combinations of resistors and capacitors. I can determine missing values of charge of capacitors at steady state and potential differences, in various branches of a circuit through appropriate selection of nodes and application of the junction rule. I can determine missing values and direction of electric current in various branches of a circuit through appropriate selection of nodes and application of the junction rule. I can solve problems involving more than one relationship between power, voltage, energy, and current. I can solve problems involving the relationships between power, voltage, energy and current. 36 QSI AP PHYSICS 2 SEC E04 Copyright © 1988-2016