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CHAPTER 11 LESSON 2 NEW IDEAS AND ART READ PAGE 293 1. What are some characteristics of humanism? ● Based on ancient Greek and Roman ideas. ● Gave importance to the individual and to human society. ● It was about gaining knowledge through reason, not just through religious faith. ● Humanism encouraged people to be active in their cities and to develop their talents. 2. How did Western Europe gain new knowledge about the study of ancient Roman and Greek Works? During the crusades Western Europeans came into contact with the Middle East. Arab Muslims scholars there and in Spain knew the classic Greek and Roman writings. Byzantine scholars also brought classical works to Italy. READ Page 294 Francesco Petrarch Humanist scholar who lived in Italy, called the father of the Italian Renaissance humanism Dante Alighieri Poet from Florence, Italy; wrote the Divine Comedy Geoffrey Chaucer Writer from England; wrote The Canterbury Tales Read page 295 4. Why would a movable type system not work well with a language that has many characters or letters? It would take a long time to arrange individual letters to form words 5. Why was Gutenberg’s printing press a better option than writing books by hand? Books could be quickly printed by the printing press because it was a machine. Writing a book by hand was slow and took more time. 6.How are computers a better option than Gutenberg’s printing press? You can correct mistakes easily when you use a computer. The printers that we use today aren’t as messy as a printing press. You can read information on a computer screen without printing it on a piece of paper. 7. What types of books were printed on the printing press in the first years of use? Over half were religious works (the bible, prayer books) 8. Who was one of the leading scientists during the Renaissance? Leonardo da Vinci – ● he cut open dead bodies to learn more about the human body ● Studied fossils to understand Earth’s early history ● Also an inventor and an engineer 9. How did Gutenberg’s printing press change Europe? The printing press made books available to many people and allowed ideas to spread more rapidly. READ Page 296 10. How did Renaissance Art differ from Medieval Art? ● ● Renaissance art tried to show what people really looked like. They also tried to reveal peoples feelings. They used Perspective – a way of showing people and things as they appear at different distances. It gave paintings a realistic, three-dimensional look. READ Page 297 11. What is the definition of the term chiaroscuro? The use of light and shadows instead of stiff outlines to separate objects 12.What is the definition of the term fresco? A watercolor painting done on fresh wet plaster 13. What does the Renaissance biographer seem to like best about the Sistine Chapel? It brings a sense of light to art and the world after the darkness of earlier centuries 14. What are 2 of Leonardo da Vinci’s famous works of art? Mona Lisa and The Last Supper 15.What is Michelangelo Buonarroti’s most famous work of art? The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel READ Page 298 16. Name one of Raphael’s famous frescos? School of Athens 17. What group of people is shown in Raphael’s fresco The School of Athens? Greek philosophers 18. Why did people admire Raphael’s paintings of Mary, the mother of Jesus? They were done in bright colors and showed the Renaissance ideals of grace and beauty 19.How did the Renaissance ideas influence northern or southern European art differently? ● Northern Europeans painted in oils rather than in water-based paint. ● Southern Europeans based their art on ancient Greek and Roman models. READ Page 299 20. Why do you think Shakespeare’s work continue to be popular? They are about universal themes, such a family relationship, jealousy, fear, love, and power; the comedies are funny; the words are eloquent, and many modern expressions come from his works; and popular actors continue to appear in them