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607 SOCIAL STUDIES 607 Date: Name: SOCIAL STUDIES 607 WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY WORDS TO KNOW ............................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: The Golden Age of Ancient Greece ................................ 3 Section 1: The Persian War ............................................................................................... 3 Section 2: Pericles and Athens’ Government .................................................................. 6 Section 3: Ancient Greece’s Arts and Letters ................................................................. 7 Chapter 1 Review ..................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 2:The Golden Age’s End...................................................... 11 Section 1: The Peloponnesian War................................................................................. 11 Section 2: The Great Philosophers ................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2 Review ................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 3: Alexander’s Empire ......................................................... 18 Section 1: Alexander’s Rise ............................................................................................. 18 Section 2: Alexander the Great....................................................................................... 20 Chapter 3 Review ........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. UNIT REVIEW.............................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 1 OBJECTIVES When you have successfully completed this Unit, you should be able to: 1. Trace the transition from tyranny and oligarchy to early democratic forms of government and back to dictatorship in ancient Greece, including the significance of the invention of the idea of citizenship (e.g., from Pericles' Funeral Oration). 2. State the key differences between Athenian, or direct, democracy and representative democracy. 3. Outline the founding, expansion, and political organization of the Persian Empire. 4. Compare and contrast life in Athens and Sparta, with emphasis on their roles in the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. 5. Trace the rise of Alexander the Great and the spread of Greek culture eastward and into Egypt. 6. Describe the enduring contributions of important Greek figures in the arts and sciences (e.g., Hypatia, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Euclid, Thucydides). WORDS TO KNOW Alexander: Conquered most of world known to him Alexandria: City in Egypt that became cultural center of Hellenistic Age. Archimedes: (ar-kuh-MEE-deez) Applied math to engineering Aristarchus: (air-uh-STAR-kus) Alexandrian who used math to prove Earth moves around sun. Aristophanes: (air-uh-STAF-uh-neez) Wrote comedies Aristotle: (Air-uh-stah-tul) Pioneered study of zoology and botany Battle of Chaeronea: (ker-uh-NEE-uh) Fight in which Macedonia defeated Greece Council of 500: Group of Athenians who made government decisions Darius I: King of Peria Delian League: Athenian league Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 2 Direct: Democracy in which citizens vote on laws Euclid: (YOO-kluhd) Alexandrian who pioneered geometry Hellenistic Age: Era spanning several hundred years in which Greek culture spread to other lands. Herodotus: (he-ro-DO-tus) Recorded Persian War King Porus: King of India who fought Alexander in his last battle. Marathon: Plain where Darius was defeated by Athens. Peloponnesian League: Spartan league Pericles: (PAIR-uh-kleez) Athenian leader Philip II: King of Macedonia Plato: Founded Athenian school called the Academy Representative: Democracy in which citizens elect representatives to vote on laws. Salamis: (SAL-uh-mis) Island where Xerxes was defeated by Athens Socrates: (SAH-kruh-teez) Great Athenian teacher Sophocles: (SAF-uh-kleez) Wrote tragedies Thucydides: (thoos-uh-DI-deez) Recorded Peloponnesian War Xerxes: (ZERK-Zes) Son of Darius Chapter 1: The Golden Age of Ancient Greece Section 1: The Persian War Armies from Persia began conquering Babylon, Assyria, Egypt and other places in the Mediterranean around 540 B.C., including the northern Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. Around 500 B.C. Greeks there rebelled against the Persians. Athens sent troops to the area but they were not effective against the Persians. In 490 B. C., Darius I, the king of Persia, directed his troops to invade Athens. Athenian troops went to battle with the Persian army on a plain called Marathon. Though overmatched, the Athenians defeated the Persians after a daylong battle. Legend has it that a messenger ran all the way to Athens from Marathon to share the news of the Athenian army’s victory. The Olympic Games began holding long-distance running competitions to commemorate the victory. The event – called the marathon – takes its name from that plain near Athens and recreates the messenger’s joyful return to the city. Darius I died in 486 B. C. and his son Xerxes came to rule over Persia. In 480 B.C. Xerxes sent 200,000 soldiers and 800 ships to Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 3 attack Greece. Again, the Persians outmatched the Greeks, though this time the invaders faced naval fleets and soldiers from city-states, including Sparta, other than Athens. The Greeks defeated the Persians during a battle at sea near the island of Salamis. As a result of this invasion the city-states of Greece formed leagues, groups of allies, that protected each other. Sparta led the Peloponnesian league. Athens led the Delian league, which included city-states of the Asian Minor, and Aegean islands. Directions: Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct answer. 1. Darius I was ________. a. The king of Crete b. The king of Persia c. An invader from Egypt d. The son of the king of Crete 2. The Persians began conquering Babylon, Assyria, Egypt and others in ________. a. 776 B.C. b. A.D. 1040 c. 540 B.C. d. 500 B.C. 3. In 480 B.C. ________ sent 200,000 soldiers and 800 ships to attack Greece. a. Zeus b. Hera c. Darius I d. Xerxes 4. The Greeks defeated Xerxes at ________. a. The Battle of Salamis b. The Battle of Salami c. Marathon d. Athens Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 4 5. After the Persian War the Greek city-states formed ________. a. Tribunes b. A senate c. An assembly d. Leagues 6. Athens belonged to ________. a. The Delian League b. The Peloponnesian League c. The Corinthian League d. The Major League 7. Sparta belonged to ________. a. The Delian League b. The Corinthian League c. The Cretan League d. The Peloponnesian League Strengthening Your Character: Humble means lacking boastful pride. 8. Look up the word boastful in a dictionary. Write its definition below. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 9. Look up the word Pride in a dictionary. Write its definition below. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Score questions 1 – 9 Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 5 Section 2: Pericles and Athens’ Government The defeat of the Persians led to a period of great achievement in Greek culture. This era spanned from 479 B.C. to 431 B.C. and is known as the Golden Age. During this time Athenian democracy was made a cultural and educational center in Greece under a leader named Pericles. Nicknamed “The Olympian” by the writer Plutarch, Pericles was born to an aristocratic family in 494 B.C Pericles also wanted all citizens to be able to participate in public life. Under his rule, Athens democracy became more and more within reach for the average citizen.He is remembered for paying citizens to serve in the government. Pericles saw to it that jurors would be paid a salary for the days they served in court to make up for the wages they would have made at their jobs. In the United States today, jurors are paid a daily stipend, a tradition borrowed from the Ancient Greeks. A group called the Council of 500, decided what topic would be discussed at each assembly meeting. The men of the council were chosen randomly by drawing names from a bowl. Other government officials were selected this way. Members of a jury were chosen this way too. Athens was a direct democracy. A direct democracy is when each citizen makes a decision for the government. Most countries today have too many people for a direct democracy. The United States has a representative democracy. A representative democracy is when voters elect other citizens to make government decisions as their representatives. Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. 1. Pericles was born in _________________ B.C./A.D. 2. The defeat of the Persians ushered in _______________________. 3. For what is Pericles remembered ? ______________________ 4. What is a direct democracy? ___________________________________ 5. What is a representative democracy? __________________________________ 6. What did the Council of 500 do? (Circle one.) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 6 St rengthening Your Character: 7. The opposite of humble is arrogant. Describe using your own words what arrogant means. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Score questions 1 – 7 Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Section 3: Ancient Greece’s Arts and Letters Pericles encouraged scientists to come to Athens. Hippocrates was one of the greatest of the Golden Age scientists. He was the first to understand that illness was created from earthly causes. Prior to Hippocrates, people believed that sickness was punishment from the gods. Hippocrates also wrote down rules for doctors to follow in treating their patients. Doctors still abide by I swear by Apollo these rules, and even make a promise at the start of Physician and Asclepius their careers to do so. This promise is called the and Hygieia and “Hippocratic Oath”. Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses, Pericles was generous to workers in the arts and making them my the building trades because he wanted Athens to be witnesses, that I will fulfil “the school of Greece”. He solicited money for a fund according to my ability so that people who were poor could take in a play at and judgment this oath one of the brand new theaters he built. Pericles invited and this covenant … artists from other city-states to come to Athens. The result of Pericles’ investment in the arts was -The first paragraph to construction of new gymnasiums, temples, theaters, the Hippocratic Oath and other buildings decorated with wall paintings depicting scenes from Greek mythology and history. The Parthenon was completed in 432 B.C. Initiated to honor the goddess Athena, its ruins still stand on Athens’ acropolis. The Golden Age was a time of great literature. Herodotus, known as the “first historian”, wrote about the Persian Wars, which he described as “the astonishing achievements of our own and other peoples.” Sophocles wrote plays called tragedies because of their sad endings. Aristophanes, on the other hand, wrote funny plays called comedies. These writers are still being read today. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 7 Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. 1. What did Pericles want Athens to be? _______________________ 2. Who was Hippocrates? _______________________ 3. What were his achievements? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. When was the Parthenon completed? ________________________________________________________________ 5. What did Herodotus write about? ________________________________________________________________ Strengthening Your Character: 6. Look up the word haughty and write down its definition. ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 7. Look up the word assertive and write down its definition. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 8. How are these words not like the word humble? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Score questions 1 – 8 Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 8 CHAPTER 1 REVIEW 25 POINTS POSSIBLE Make sure that all of your work is scored and corrected. Review this chapter, and then try to answer the following questions without looking back. Directions: Match each word or phrase on the left with the description which most nearly matches it on the right. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct match. 1. _____ Darius I a. Wrote tragedies 2. _____ Pericles b. “The first historian” 3. _____ Herodotus c. Nicknamed Pericles “The Olympian” 4. _____ Aristophanes d. Wrote comedies 5. _____ Xerxes e. Athenian leader 6. _____ Hippocrates f. King of Persia 7. _____ Sophocles g. Invaded Greece in 480 B.C. 8. _____ Plutarch h. Discovered causes of illness Directions: Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct answer. 9. This era spanned from 479 B.C. to 431 B.C.________. a. The Dark Ages b. The Iron Age c. The Classical Age d. The Golden Age 10. Pericles is remembered for ________. a. Paying citizens to serve in government. b. Making Athens into a Greek center of education and culture c. Making democracy more accessible for the average citizen. d. All of these Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 9 11. The Council of 500 ________ a. Imposed taxes on citizens b. Decided what topic would be discussed at each assembly meeting. c. Plotted to overthrow Pericles d. Built libraries and temples in Athens. Directions: Circle “True” or “False” 12. (True/False) Sophocles wrote comedies. 13. (True/False) Hippocrates wrote the Hippocratic Oath. 14. (True/False) Aristophanes is remembered for his tragedies. 15. (True/False) Herodotus wrote about the Persian War. 16. (True/False) Athens was a representative democracy. 17. Write the definition for the word Humble: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Score Chapter 1 Review Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 10 Chapter 2:The Golden Age’s End Section 1: The Peloponnesian War Athens and Sparta were the two most influential city-states of ancient Greece. Each wanted to be the strongest and most influential. Sparta had the support of the Peloponnesian League, while the city-states of the Delian League backed Athens. Under Pericles’ leadership, Athens gained more and more power. Tensions between Sparta and Athens came to a head in 431 B.C. when Sparta and its allies attacked Attica. A war broke out between the two leagues. The war was called the Peloponnesian War. It lasted 27 years. Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy. Thucidydes was a Greek historian who recorded events that took place during the time of the Peloponnesian War. He wrote that Pericles, after the first year of the Peloponnesian War, delivered an address during a memorial service for the soldiers who fought for Athens. In his speech, Pericles gave -“Pericles’ Funeral numerous examples of Athens’ greatness. He wanted Oration” the families of the dead to know that the soldiers fought hard for a worthy cause. “For in magnifying the city I have magnified them, and men like them whose virtues made her glorious,” said Pericles. This period was a bad time for Athens. A quarter of the Athenian army died from a plague. The city-state lost their great leader Pericles in 429 B.C. Thirty tyrants gained and then lost power in Athens after the death of Pericles. Athens surrendered to Sparta in 404 B. C. A year later, democracy was restored in Athens. Directions: Circle “True” or “False.” 1. (True/False) The Peloponnesian War was started by Sparta. 2. (True/False) A quarter of the Athenian army died of the plague. 3. (True/False) Pericles described the decline of Athens in a funeral speech. 4. (True/False) Democracy was restored in Athens a year after the war ended. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 11 Directions: Choose the best ending for each sentence: 5. Pericles’ historical speech was recorded by ________. a. Herodotus. b. Thucydides. c. Aristophanes. d. Sophocles. 6. Sparta started the Peloponnesian War by ________. a. Attacking Athens on the plain of Marathon. b. Attacking Athens from the sea. c. Marching into Athens. d. Attacking Atticus. 7. The Peloponnesian War lasted ________. a. 100 years. b. One year. c. 47 years. d. 27 years. 8. Pericles gave the speech so that ________. a. Athenians would quit fighting the war. b. Athenians would know that the dead fought for Athens, a noble cause. c. Spartans would lose heart and give up the battle. d. Members of the Delian league would fight harder. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 12 Strengthening Your Character: A synonym is a word that means the same or nearly the same as another word. Following are some synonyms of this unit’s character trait, Humble. Look up each word in a dictionary, and write its definition in the space provided. 9. Meek: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10. Modest: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 11. Unassuming: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Score questions 1 – 11 Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Section 2: The Great Philosophers While Athens crumbled, one of its citizens came to be regarded as its greatest teacher and thinker. Socrates taught by asking his students questions. This forced them to think more deeply than if he had just told them the information directly. This method of teaching continues in colleges and universities today and is named the Socratic method after the great teacher. Socrates wanted Athens to be restored to its former glory. He prodded officials of the city-state to make them think about what was happening in Athens. The Spartan government didn’t appreciate this. In 399 B.C. Socrates was sentenced to death after being convicted of teaching dangerous ideas to youth. The court’s method of execution was forcing Socrates to drink a cup of poison. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 13 A student of Socrates named Plato proved to be another great thinker. He believed that a ruler should be a good person, and that wisdom and learning are what make people good. Plato believed only philosophers, “lovers of wisdom”, should be rulers. He started a school in 385 B.C. for philosophers to study citizenship and leadership. Plato believed that a good citizen is a person who is informed, understands other viewpoints, and acts responsibly. Aristotle studied for 20 years at Plato’s Academy, and later become known for his writings along with Plato and Socrates. Aristotle’s interests were wide and included astronomy, science, law and economics. Aristotle pioneered the study of zoology, the study of animals, and botany, the study of plants. Choose the best ending for each sentence: 1. Socrates was ________. a. Next in line to Pericles for leader of Athens. b. General in the Spartan army. c. Athens great teacher. d. A slave who later served in the assembly. 2. Socrates taught by ________. a. Memorization. b. Experience. c. Asking questions to force students to think for themselves. d. Forcing students to copy lessons by hand fifty times. 3. Socrates was sentenced to death for _________. a. Teaching dangerous ideas for young people. b. Plotting to overthrow the government. c. Stealing money from the general fund. d. Spying for Sparta. Directions: Circle “True” or “False.” 4. (True/False) Plato was the person who sentenced Socrates to death. 5. (True/False) Plato believed that “lovers of wisdom” should be the ones who rule. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 14 6. (True/False) Aristotle was a student of Socrates. 7. (True/False) Aristotle pioneered the study of zoology and botany. Strengthening Your Character: 8. The opposite of humble is arrogant. Think of a time when somebody was arrogant to you. How did you feel? What did you say or do? (Use at least 5 sentences in answering these questions.) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Score questions 1 – 8 Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 15 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW 20 POINTS POSSIBLE Make sure that all of your work is scored and corrected. Review this chapter, and then try to answer the following questions without looking back. Directions: Match each word on the left with the appropriate word or phrase on the right. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct match. 1. _____ Aristotle (a) War between Sparta and Athens 2. _____ Peloponnesian league (b) Thought rulers should be “lovers of wisdom” 3. _____ Thucydides (c) Famous teacher killed by Spartans 4. _____ Attica (d) Athenian league 5. _____ Peloponnesian War (e) Wrote about the Peloponnesian War 6. _____ Plato (f) Studied zoology and botany 7. _____ Delian league (g) Spartan league 8. _____ Socrates (h) Site of attack on Athens at the beginning of the Pelopponesian War Directions: Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct answer. 9. The Pelopponesian War began when ________. a. Athens attacked Sparta by sea. b. Sparta attacked Athens on the plain of Marathon. c. Sparta attacked Attica d. Athens marched into Sparta 10. Pericles addressed his famous speech to ________. a. Mourners for soldiers killed in the first year of the Pelopponesian War b. The Council of 500 c. Students at Plato’s Academy d. None of these Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 16 11. Plato believed a good citizen is one who a. Works hard, pays taxes, plays by the rules. b. Doesn’t ask questions of his leaders. c. Is informed, understands other viewpoints, and acts responsibly. d. Produces many goods and services for his fellow citizens to buy. 12. In 385 B.C., Plato a. Ran for elected office in Athens. b. Invaded Sparta. c. Wrote a speech for Pericles. d. Began a school for philosophers to study citizenship. 13. Aristotle studied at Plato’s Academy until a. Plato died in 347 B.C. b. He discovered the science of zoology. c. His death in 322 B.C. d. He was satisfied he had learned enough. Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. 14. Name a word that is similar to humble __________________________________ 15. Write down the definition of this word. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Score Chapter 2 Review Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 17 Chapter 3: Alexander’s Empire Section 1: Alexander’s Rise The ancient Greeks had never been united under one leader until invaders from a land north of the Greek mainland on the Balkan Peninsula called Macedonia defeated Athens in 338 B.C. during the Battle of Chaeronea. With this victory, the king of Macedonia, Philip II, controlled almost all of Greece. He established a league called the League of Corinth, which he required each city-state to join. In 336 B.C. King Philip sent a small army to Asia in a plan to take over Greek city-states ruled by Persia. He died before he could fulfill his dream of liberating these city-states from Persian control. King Philip was murdered at his daughter’s wedding. King Philip’s 20-year old son Alexander was next in line to the throne. In 334 B.C. Alexander and his army of 35,000 soldiers crossed the Hellespont Strait between Europe and Asia Minor and liberated Greek city-states from Persian rule. His father had dreamed of releasing Greek city-states from foreign rule. Some say that Alexander's reasons for invading Asia were other than unifying the Greek city-states. He also sought revenge on the Persians for their invasion of Greece in 490 B.C. Alexander’s conquests were the stuff of legends. He won his first battle against the Persians at Granicus when he was only 22. One story has it that when Alexander invaded the Asia Minor, he arrived at the same spot in Troy as Achilles had in the Iliad. He went into Gordium, home of the famous Gordian Knot. There was a famous legend that King Gordius, father of Midas, made a knot to his chariot Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 18 that could be untied only by the man who was destined to rule the entire world. Alexander unraveled the knot by slashing it with his sword. After the conquests in Asia Minor, Alexander marched southwest into northern Africa. He defeated Egypt, Syria, and Mesopotamia and before marching back into Asia. By 331 B.C., Alexander had built an empire from the Danube River in Europe to the Nile River in Africa. What moved Alexander to take on the world? He is said to have wanted very much to see the ocean that was believed to surround Europe and Asia at the edge of the earth. Others say he simply had dreams of conquering the world as he knew it. This would have meant adding Eastern Europe, northern Africa and Asia to Macedonian rule Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1. Phillip II was ___________________________. 2. Macedonians defeated Athens at the _____________________________. 3. After King Philip’s death his son _____________________ took over the throne. 4. The entire world for Alexander meant ________________________, ________________________, and ________________________. 5. In 334 B.C., Alexander and his army marched across the ____________________ into Asia Minor. 6. He then marched into northern Africa and conquered ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________. 7. By 331 B.C., Alexander had built an empire from the ____________________ to the ____________________. 8. In _______________, Alexander slashed ____________________ with a sword. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 19 9. What are some reasons why Alexander invaded Asia? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Score questions 1–9 Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Section 2: Alexander the Great Alexander became known as Alexander the Great. He built cities throughout the areas he conquered and named them after himself. Alexandria, a city in Egypt, eventually equaled Athens as a center of learning and culture. Alexandria’s library boasted 500,000 scrolls at one point. The library collected material on mathematics, astronomy, botany and medicine, to name a few examples. Alexandria became the new center of learning. A mathematician named Euclid was the first to study geometry. Alexandrian doctors pioneered knowledge of the brain and the nervous system, helping Alexandria to become a center of medical technology. Greeks began settling in parts of Alexander’s empire. Soon people of Europe, Asia and Africa learned the Greek language and culture. They studied Greek philosophy and literature and worshiped Greek gods. Alexander, in turn, adapted many customs of the people he conquered to Greek culture. This began an era of increased activity among many people spanning several centuries called the Hellenistic Age. Hellenistic means “Greek-like.” During this age, geographers charted new maps and made new discoveries about Earth. Archimedes in Sicily discovered ways to apply math to engineering. Aristarchus used math to prove that the earth revolves around the sun. After defeating Persia, Alexander led his troops to the Indus River where he fought King Porus of India. After the king’s surrender, Alexander wanted to continue on into India to the Ganges River. His soldiers, however, refused to go. These battlehardened warriors simply would not go any further. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 20 Alexander returned to Babylon in 326 B.C. He died that same year just before his thirty-third birthday. According to legend, when asked who would rule the empire upon his death, Alexander said that control would go “To the strongest!” However, rivalries among Alexander’s generals prevented a strong ruler to replace the conqueror. The empire crumbled into separate lands. The largest of these lands were Egypt, Syria, and and Macedonia Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1. Name the three scientists of the Hellenistic Age: a. ______________________________ b. ______________________________ c. ______________________________ 2. Describe Alexandria, Egypt: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. Why did Alexander stop battling? Where was the site of his last battle? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 4. The Hellenistic Age spanned ____________________. 5. a. b. c. Name three characteristics of the Hellenistic Age ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 21 Strengthening Your Character: 6. Write the definition of Humble below: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 7. Read the following sentences. Place an H for Humble in front of the sentences demonstrating a patient attitude. Place an A for Arrogant in front of the statements demonstrating an impatient attitude. a. _____ My friends should consider themselves lucky to know me. b. _____ I am lucky to have such great friends. c. _____ I am definitely the best athlete on the team. d. _____ It’s hard to be modest when you are so great. e. _____ If I work hard and study, I might do well on the test. Score questions 1 – 7 Now. Correct any wrong answers. Rescore. Copyright 2002, Starline Press, Inc. www.starlinepress.com Page 22