Download October 2014 Biology, Board Paper

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Biology
Board Answer paper: october 2014
Biology
SECTION – I
[BOTANY]
Q.1. Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given alternatives for each
sub-question:
i.
(B) HbS
[1]
ii.
(C)
complementary DNA
[1]
iii.
(A)
high proteins
[1]
iv.
(D)
Streptomyces erythreus
[1]
v.
(C)
Sugarcane
[1]
vi.
(B)
1
[1]
vii.
(D)
CFCs
[1]
Q.2. (A)
i.
Answer in ‘one’ sentence each:
Vinegar is obtained from Acetobacter aceti.
[1]
ii.
The first CO2 acceptor in C3 pathway is Ribulose −1, 5 − diphosphate (RUDP).
[1]
iii.
Fermentation is the process of anaerobic breakdown (oxidation) of an extracellular organic
substrate by the action of enzymes secreted by micro-organisms (which respire anaerobically)
resulting in the formation of some important products.
[1]
The deposition of pesticides in the fatty tissues of fishes and aquatic birds which feed on
them is called Bioaccumulation.
[1]
v.
Methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacillus; Methanococcus) convert organic acids into methane.
[1]
vi.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is mainly responsible for global warming.
[1]
iv.
(B)
Dividing generative cell
Pollen tube
Tube nucleus
Germinating angiospermic pollen grain
(C)
i.
(Proportionate diagram)
[½]
(Three labels)
[1½]
Answer the following (Any TWO):
a.
Genetic modification of organisms has unpredictable effects when such organisms are
introduced into the ecosystem.
b.
Cross pollination between GM plants and wild varieties leads to contamination of gene
pools of wild varieties.
c.
Consumption of GM foods may lead to allergies.
d.
GM microbes may escape from the laboratory and prove to be hazardous.
e.
Manipulation of living organisms requires regulation.
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ii.
Board Answer Paper: October 2014
Gibberellins are a group of growth hormones produced by fungi and higher plants.
Uses:
a.
Promote growth of plant by stem elongation.
b.
Induce parthenocarpy in apple, pear, etc.
c.
Breaking dormancy
d.
Induce flowering
(Any two uses)
[½ × 2]
iii.
a.
b.
c.
Structurally, the ATP consists of nitrogenous purine base called Adenine, a pentose
sugar called Ribose (C5H10O5) and 3 Phosphate molecules.
Adenine and ribose sugar together form Adenosine. Adenosine with 1 phosphate, 2
phosphates and 3 phosphates are called AMP, ADP and ATP respectively.
Between the 2nd and 3rd molecules of phosphate, a high energy phosphate bond is
present. For the formation of these bonds, energy is given by either light
(Photophosphorylation) or oxidative process of respiration (oxidative phosphorylation).
[1]
[1]
[½]
[½]
[½]
High energy bond
Adenine
P
P
P
[½]
Triphosphate
Ribose
sugar
Adenosine
iv.
Q.3. (A)
i.
Structure of ATP
Conservation and management of forests can be done by following ways:
a.
By effective control of wild fire using suitable measures.
b.
By regulating grazing of animals in forests lands.
c.
By protecting forests from pests and pathogens.
d.
Economic use of timber and fuel wood to avoid its wastage.
e.
Forest conservation through law, adopting programmes, reforestation and afforestation.
f.
Encouraging agro-forestry ,educating people about hazards of deforestation,etc.
(Any four points)
[½ × 4]
Attempt the following (Any TWO):
Enzyme
β-galactosidase
Permease
Transacetylase
ii.
Function
β -galactosidase
→ Glucose + Galactose
Lactose ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
Entry of lactose in the cell
Transfers acetyl group from Acetyl CoA to
β-galactosidase
PCR is used in:
a.
DNA cloning.
b.
gene amplification.
c.
DNA-based phylogeny or functional analysis of gene.
d.
Diagnosis of hereditary disease.
e.
DNA fingerprinting.
f.
Diagnosis of infectious diseases and cancer.
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
iii.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Biology
In selective breeding method, plant breeders search seed or germplasm banks for
existing varieties of crops which are naturally high in nutrients.
Then, they crossbreed these high-nutrient varieties with high-yielding varieties of
crops, to provide a seeds with high yields and increased nutritional value.
Crops with sufficient amounts of nutrients must be bred to have a measurable positive
impact on human health.
Such crops must be developed with the involvement of nutritionists and should have
extra nutrients, as storage, processing and cooking of the food affects their available
nutrient levels.
Examples:
1.
Hybrid maize with almost double the quantity of amino acids like lysine and
tryptophan.
2.
Wheat variety, Atlas-66 with high protein content.
(B)
[½]
[½]
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[½]
[½]
[½]
Upper Epidermis
Mesophyll cell
Bundle sheath cell
Vascular Bundle
Stoma
Lower Epidermis
Kranz anatomy
(Proportionate diagram)
(Any four labels)
Q.4. Vegetative reproduction is a kind of asexual reproduction which occurs with the help of vegetative
organs like root, stem, leaf or bud.
A. Root Tuber: e.g. Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
i.
It is a modification of root for vegetative reproduction.
ii.
These roots develop from the nodes of stem.
iii. They become tuberous and fleshy for storage of food.
In addition to the storage of food, these root also develop adventitious buds on their
surface which sprout under favourable condition to produce ‘leafy shoot’ and
adventitious roots.
iv. Under suitable environmental conditions, these leafy shoots separate and develop into
new plants.
[1]
[½]
[½]
[1]
Creeping stem
Scar of detached root
Tuberous
root
[1]
[2]
Adventitious
roots
Adventitious
roots
Root tuber of sweet potato
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B.
Board Answer Paper: October 2014
Stem tuber : e.g. Solanum tuberosum
i.
Stem tuber is a modified stem for vegetative reproduction.
ii.
In case of potato, some lateral branches are produced from under ground part of stem
which grow down in the soil.
iii.
The tip of these branches store food and hence are swollen.
iv.
A stem tuber has many notches on its surface called ‘eye’.
v.
The eyes that are seen on the surface of the tuber represent nodes.
vi.
Each ‘eye’ is actually a node and is made up of one or more axillary buds substended
by a leaf scar.
vii.
[½]
[½]
Under favourable conditions, axillary buds develop into new plants.
Apical shoot
Stem tuber
[1]
Adventitious
root
Scar
at distal
end of tuber
Seed
potato
Cluster of
buds
Leaf scar
Adventitious
root
“Eye”
Stem tuber of potato
C.
Vegetative propagation by runner: e.g. Cynodon
i.
Runner is a slender, prostrate, sub aerial branch with short or long internode and creeps
horizontally on the soil.
ii.
Runner develops from the axillary bud in the axil of the lowest leaf.
iii.
After creeping some distance, away from the parent plant, it produces shoot from upper
side and roots from lower side of the nodes.
iv.
Many runners are produced by the parent plant which may get detached from parent
plant to develop into new plants.
[½]
[½]
Leaf
Node
Aerial branch
Node
Scale leaf
Runner
Adventitious
roots
Runner in Cynodon
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[1]
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Biology
OR
Let the gene for tall habit of pea plant be represented by ‘T’ and dwarf habit be represented by ‘t’.
Let the gene for round-seed be represented by ‘R’ and that of wrinkled seed be represented by gene ‘r’.
Then, the genotypes of the parents would be:
i.
Homozygous tall, round-seeded − TTRR
ii.
Homozygous dwarf, wrinkled seeded – ttrr
Phenotype of parents
Genotype
Tall Round
TTRR
Gametes
TR TR
F1 generation
tr
tr
Dwarf Wrinkled
ttrr
×
tr
TR
TR
TtRr
Tall round
TtRr
Tall round
TtRr
Tall round
TtRr
Tall round
tr
[1]
All Tall round
Phenotype of F1 generation
Genotype of F1 generation
TtRr
Selfing of F1
TtRr
Gametes
[1]
TR Tr
×
tR
TR
F2 generation
TR
Tr
tR
tr
TTRR
Tall
Round
TTRr
Tall
Round
TtRR
Tall
Round
TtRr
Tall
Round
tr
TtRr
TR Tr
Tr
tR
tR
tr
tr
TTRr
Tall Round
TtRR
Tall Round
TtRr
Tall Round
TTrr
Tall
Wrinkled
TtRr
Tall Round
TtRr
Tall Round
Ttrr
Tall
Wrinkled
ttRr
Dwarf
Round
ttrr
Dwarf
Wrinkled
Ttrr
Tall
Wrinkled
ttRR
Dwarf Round
ttRr
Dwarf Round
[2]
F2 progeny obtained
Tall Round; Tall Wrinkled; Dwarf Round; Dwarf Wrinkled
Phenotypic ratio → 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Genotypic ratio→
1 :
2 : 2
: 4 : 1 : 2 : 1 :
2 : 1
TTRR TTRr TtRR TtRr ttRR
ttRr TTrr
Ttrr
ttrr
The above example of a dihybrid cross between homozygous tall, round-seeded pea plant and
dwarf, wrinkled-seeded pea plant explains the ‘Law of Independent Assortment’.
The law of independent assortment states that “when two parents differing from each other in two
or more pairs of contrasting characters are crossed, then the inheritance of one pair of character is
independent of the other pair of character.”
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Board Answer Paper: October 2014
SECTION – II
[ZOOLOGY]
Q.5. Select and write the most appropriate answer from the given alternatives for each
sub-question:
i.
(B) Ethological isolaion
[1]
ii.
(C)
Mice
[1]
iii.
(A)
Caterpillar
[1]
iv.
(D)
T.S of thyroid gland
[1]
v.
(B)
Spongilla
[1]
vi.
(A)
Insulin
[1]
vii.
(C)
mercury
[1]
Q.6. (A)
i.
Answer in only ‘One’ sentence each of the following questions:
Copper ions released from Copper−T suppress the sperm motility and hence the fertilizing
capacity of sperms.
[1]
ii.
Methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas caused Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984.
[1]
iii.
a.
b.
c.
iv.
v.
vi.
The Sinu-auricular (SA) node is the pacemaker of the heart.
It generates wave of contraction which spread along the wall of atria and bring about
their contraction.
It has highest degree of rhythmicity and is the first to originate the cardiac impulses and
determine the rate of heart beat.
[½]
[½]
The modes of transmission of amoebiasis are:
a.
Faeco − oral route.
b.
Through contaminated food and water.
[½]
[½]
Vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to stimulate the production of antibodies and induce
immunity against several diseases.
[1]
The process of evolution which results in transformation of original species to many different
varieties is called adaptive radiation.
[1]
(B)
Tunica externa
Elastic membrane
Tunica media
Lumen
Tunica interna
(endothelium)
T.S. of an Artery
6
(Proportionate diagram)
[½]
(Any three labels)
[1½]
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
(C)
i.
Biology
Attempt any TWO of the following questions:
Cromagnon Man (Homo sapiens fossilis):
a.
It is the closest ancestor of modern man.
b.
It lived in France and Spain and made paintings inside caves and ornaments from ivory.
c.
It was an omnivore having the aesthetic sense.
d.
The Cro-magnons were about 180 cm in height with large skull, rounded forehead,
distinct
chin, narrow nose, eyebrow ridges thin and broad face.
e.
The cranial capacity was about 1600 c.c.
f.
They lived in caves with families.
g.
They were expert in hunting and painting. They made tools and weapons such as spearheads, bows and arrows.
h.
They made ornaments from ivory and decorated their bodies.
i.
They used hides of animals to protect their body and buried their dead according to
their customs.
(Any four points)
[½ × 4]
ii.
Parents
Female
×
2n = 32
(Diploid)
Meiosis
n = 16
(haploid)
n = 16
(haploid)
[2]
Male
(n = 16)
(haploid)
Mitosis
n = 16
(haploid)
fertilization
[2]
Without
2n = 32
Fertilization
(diploid) Female
(n=16) Male (Drone)
Haploid number of chromosomes in drone of honeybee
iii.
iv.
Goals of Human Genome Project:
a.
Determine the sequence and number of all the base pairs (three billion) in the human
genome – gene mapping.
b.
Identify all the genes (25000) present in human DNA.
c.
Determine the function of all the genes and identify the various genes that cause
genetic disorders.
d.
Store the information in data base.
e.
Improve tools for data analysis.
f.
Find out possibilities of transfer of technology developed during HGP to industry.
g.
Address ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project.
h.
To have greater understanding of process of human evolution.
i.
To understand more about genetic structure functions, gene mutation, expression and
methods to control them.
(Any four points)
[½ × 4]
a.
b.
c.
d.
Major products of apiculture are honey and beeswax.
Honey has high nutritive value. It contains levulose, dextrose, maltose, enzymes,
minerals, vitamins and water.
Honey also has medicinal importance. Honey is used as an antiseptic and sedative.It is
used in gastrointestinal disorders.
Honey bees are pollinating agents. They help to increase crop yield by pollination.
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e.
f.
g.
Q.7. (A)
i.
Board Answer Paper: October 2014
Beeswax is used in cosmetics, paints and ointments.
Honey is used in manufacturing of cakes and as a flavouring agent.
Venom from sting is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and snake bite.
(Any four points)
[½ × 4]
Attempt any TWO of the following:
Structure of X and Y chromosomes
a.
X chromosomes is longer than Y chromosomes.
b.
X chromosome contains large amount of euchromatin and small amount of
heterochromatin, whereas the Y chromosome contains small amount of euchromatin
and large amount of heterochromatin.
c.
Non-homologous region of X-chromosome contains more genes than that of nonhomologous region of Y chromosome.
d.
Non-homologous region of X-chromosome contains X-linked genes while nonhomologous region of Y chromosome contains Y-linked genes.
[2]
[½]
[½]
[½]
[½]
Non-homologous parts
[1]
ii.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
iii.
a.
b.
c.
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Homologous parts
Sex chromosomes (X and Y)
HIV virus is the causative organism for AIDS.
AIDS begins with HIV infection. People infected with HIV may have no symptoms for
10 years or longer, but they can still transmit the infection to other during this
symptom-free period. If the infection is not detected and treated, the immune system
gradually weakens and AIDS develops.
Acute HIV infection progresses over time (usually a few weeks to months) to
asymptomatic HIV infection (no symptoms) and then to early symptomatic HIV
infection with CD4 T-cell count below 200 cells/mm3).
Almost all people infected with HIV, if not treated, will develop AIDS. A small group
of patients develop AIDS very slowly, or never at all. These patients are called
nonprogressors, and many seem to have a genetic difference that prevents the virus
from damaging their immune system.
The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of infections that do not normally
develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Theses are called opportunistic
infections.
People with AIDS have had their immune system damaged by HIV and are very
susceptible to these opportunistic infections. Common symptoms are:Chills, Fever,
Sweat (particularly at night), Swollen lymph glands, weakness and weight loss.
The radioactive waste is normally disposed by land filling.
For land filling, deep pits are dug in desert areas or in the sea bottom to dispose the
radioactive waste.
These pits are capped by concrete to avoid contamination.
[½]
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Biology
(B)
Dorsal root
White Matter
Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal nerve
Dorsal Horn
Ramus Dorsalis
Central canal
Ramus Ventralis
(Lateralis)
Ventral Horn
Ramus Communicans
Grey Matter
Ventral root
Sympathetic ganglion
Formation of Typical Spinal Nerve
(Proportionate diagram)
[1]
(Any four labels)
[2]
Q.8. Excretory system of man consists of:
A. Kidneys (a pair)
B.
Ureters (a pair)
C.
Urinary Bladder
D. Urethra
Right
Kidney
Left
Kidney
Ureter
[1]
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Excretory system of man
A.
Kidneys:
Kidneys are a pair of dark red, bean shaped organs about 10 cm long, 5 cm wide and 4 cm
thick.
They are attached to the dorsal body wall at the level of 12th thoracic to 3rd lumbar vertebra in
the abdominal cavity.
They are retroperitoneal as they have peritoneal covering only on the anterior surface.
They are situated on either side of the vertebral column.
The right kidney is slightly lower than left kidney due to presence of liver.
Left kidney is slightly back than right kidney due to the position of stomach in front of it.
On the concave surface there is a notch called hilus or hilum.
Through the hilum, blood vessels, nerves, ureter, lymphatic vessels enter or exit.
Renal arteries enter in both the kidneys while renal veins leave the kidneys.
Each kidney is covered by three layers of tissues such as outer renal fascia, middle adipose
tissue (perirenal fat) and inner renal capsule.
Functions:
i.
Removal of nitrogenous waste
ii.
Maintenance of water–salt balance [Homeostasis]
iii. Removal of excess of foreign substances like drugs and pigments.
iv. Osmoregulation.
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B.
C.
D.
Board Answer Paper: October 2014
Ureters:
From the hilum of each kidney, a thin, narrow and muscular duct emerges out which is called
as ureter.
It measures about 40cm in length
The ureters open into urinary bladder.
Functions: They carry urine from kidneys upto the urinary bladder by peristalsis.
Urinary bladder:
It is single, large and pear shaped structure.
It is located in pelvic cavity just behind the pubis bone.
It is thick walled and highly muscular.
It has a layer of detrusor muscles.
These muscles help in the expansion during the time of storage of urine.
Functions: It stores urine temporarily (500 ml to 1 litre of urine) and expels it at intervals
through urethra.
Urethra:
It starts from the lower part of the urinary bladder and opens to the exterior.
Its opening is guarded by sphincter muscle called urethral sphincter.
Through urethral sphincter micturition (urination) takes place.
In males, urethra is long (20 cm) and has to pass through the penis.
In females, it is short (4 cm) and opens in vestibule.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by:
i.
Oliguria (decreased urine production; < 400 ml per day in adults)
ii.
Anuria (absence of urine),
iii. Accumulation of urea and other metabolic waste products,
iv. Body water and body fluid disturbances,
v.
Electrolyte derangement.
If all of the above signs are seen in urine analysis, then the person may be suffering from Acute
kidney injury (AKI).
[½]
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[½]
[½]
[1]
OR
Structure of human sperm:
i.
The human sperm is a haploid, elongated and motile male gamete.
ii.
It is microscopic, measuring about 0.060 mm in length.
iii. The body of sperm is divided into four parts, viz., head, neck, middle piece and tail.
a.
Head: It is flat and oval consisting of large haploid nucleus and an acrosome formed
from Golgi complex.
The acrosome secretes an enzyme hyalourinidase which helps in penetration of egg
during fertilization.
The anterior half of the nucleus is covered by a fibrous sheath.
b.
Neck: It is a narrow constricted region consisting of two centrioles (proximal and
distal) and cytoplasm.
The proximal centriole plays an important role in first cleavage of the zygote and distal
centriole forms the axial filament present in the tail of the sperm.
c.
Middle piece: Middle piece has many mitochondria spirally coiled around axial
filament.
The mitochondria provide energy for the sperm during its movement, hence it is called
the powerhouse of the sperm.
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d.
Biology
Tail: The tail is long, slender and tapering. It is made up of cytoplasm. The axial
filament passes through the tail.
[½]
Acrosome
Head
Neck
Middle piece
Nucleus
Proximal centriole
Distal centriole
Spiral mitochondria
[1]
Ring centriole
Axial filament
Tail piece
or
flagellum
Structure of Sperm
Structure of Ovum:
Nucleus Polar body
Corona radiata
Perivitelline
space
[1]
Vitelline
membrane
Zona pellucida
Structure of ovum(unfertilized)
i.
The ovum discharged by the ovary during ovulation is actually a secondary oocyte.
ii.
It is round, non-motile, haploid female gamete.
iii.
It is the largest cell of the body and measures about 0.1 mm or 100 µ in diameter.
iv.
The human egg is almost free of yolk, hence called microlecithal.
v.
It shows abundant cytoplasm called ooplasm.
vi.
Ooplasm has a large eccentric nucleus called germinal vesicle.
vii.
Ovum is surrounded by plasma membrane called vitelline membrane.
[½]
[½]
viii. The ovum lack centrioles and therefore does not undergo further divisions.
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Board Answer Paper: October 2014
ix.
The ovum contains two poles. The pole which shows presence of polar body is called animal
pole while the opposite side is termed vegetal pole.
x.
The ovum shows two covering layers viz. an outer, thicker, cellular corona radiata and an
inner, thinner, non-cellular zona pellucida.
xi. The zona pellucida is secreted by ovum itself while corona radiata is formed of radially
elongated follicular cells which are glued together by hyaluronic acid.
If a couple is unable to conceive, the modern techiques available to overcome this problem are:
i.
Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT) : Zygote or blastocyst upto 8- blastomeres is
transferred into the fallopian tube, the embryo moves to the uterus where it becomes
implanted and continues further development.
ii.
Gamete intra−fallopian transfer (GIFT) : In GIFT, ovum collected from a donor is
transferred into the fallopian tube of another female who can provide suitable environment
for fertilization and development.
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