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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Chapter 17 Section 4: The Hardships of War In this lesson, we will: • describe conditions for Confederate & Union soldiers. • explain what problems each side faced at home. • summarize how the war affected the economies of the North and the South. • identify the role women played in the war. 1 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook VOCABULARY WORDS WE'LL LEARN THIS LESSON: • • • • • COPPERHEAD DRAFT HABEAS CORPUS INFLATION PROFITEER E S E H T W O ! ! N ! K MS!! R E T 2 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook The Hard Life of Soldiers • typical age for soldiers was under age 21. • tough hours of drilling and marching. • as more soldiers were killed, age restrictions were relaxed. • "minie ball" changed the nature of warfare. • new weapons had deadly results. 3 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook • Sick & wounded soldiers faced many horrors. • crude battlefield medical care; most common operation were amputations. • any serious wound to the torso would usually result in death from loss of blood or infection. • poor sanitary conditions led to rampant spread of disease in camps. • disease killed twice as many men as bullets. • Desertion rates were similar in both North & South; 1 of 7 men deserted in North, 1 of 9 men in South. ) in) ies: min iser Boy (4 l (10 m min) n i m r u r f (3 . Ou Joy l Wa USA Civi apter 2 Oh Be arters , h u • C apter 4 Headq h , 7 C • ter hap • C 4 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Dysentery-Bloody Diarrhea 5 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Civil War embalming procedure. 6 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Opposition to War in the North • some northerners opposed the use of force to keep the South in the Union. • Supporters of the war named this people COPPERHEADS. • other northerners opposed the way Lincoln conducted the war, while largely supporting the war aims. • soon after the war began, there was a shortage of men to serve in the Union army. • Congress passed a DRAFT law in 1863, requiring all able-bodied males between 20-45 to serve in the military if they were called. • men could pay $300 to the government or find someone serve in their place. • "Rich man's war, poor man's fight." • Let's read about riots in the cities over the war on page 502. (14 s il o erie m Ra s i n i otto r m Wa er 5, B l i Civ hapt • C ) min op n T 7 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Problems in the South • President Davis struggled to create a strong federal government in the Confederacy. • many in the South believed in states' rights and resisted paying taxes. • South also had to draft soldiers. Men who owned 20 or more slaves were exempt. Small farmers resented this law. • late in the war, Gen. Lee urged that slaves be allowed to serve as soldiers. The desperate Confederacy agreed but no slaves would fight because the war ended. 8 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook The Northern Economy • the Union had to use several strategies to raise money for the war. • First income tax is established in 1861. This is a tax on people's earnings. • Union issued bonds also. • Union printed more and more paper money. • as the money supply increased, each dollar became worth less. 9 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Inflation occurs when there is a rise in prices and a decrease in the value of money. 10 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Economic benefits in the North • since many men went off to fight there was a greater need for machines to plant & harvest crops. Thousands of reapers were manufactured and sold during the war. • farm production increased. • demand for clothing, shoes, guns & other goods helped northern industries. • some dishonest merchants called profiteers charged outrageously high prices for items that were desperately needed during the war. 11 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook The Southern Economy • the war ruined the southern economy, as they had to deal with the cost of the war, loss of cotton trade and severe shortages caused by the blockade. (Remember Emma Simpson in the video, when she had to limit the amount of sugar in her tea????) • imposed an income tax and a tax-in-kind. • let's read about Southern inflation on page 503. 12 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Women in the War • women on both sides played vital roles. • ran farms and worked in factories while men were fighting. • Women's aid societies assisted the war effort by supplying troops with food, bedding, clothing and medicine. • women eventually worked as nurses on both sides of the conflict. • performed so well it became an accepted occupation for women after the war. • Dorothea Dix & Clara Barton both were nurses for the Union army. • Sojourner Truth worked in Union hospitals and in camps for freed slaves. • Sally Tompkins set up a hospital in the South at Richmond, Virginia. ar er vil W i C hapt C • s e (5 seri s Me mini k n a e R 5,Sh ow tes) minu 6, N r e apt tes) minu • Ch 7 ( Me Fix 13 Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook Sojourner Truth Dorothea Dix Sally Tompkins Three Important women of the Civil War!!! • all of these e r m u women, and o o s y e e r many more who m a a t n a h u t did not become yo day n a o famous, all t C What have they n e played heroic m o accomplished? ?? w ? s roles in serving oe r e h their country in the Civil War. 14