Download Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook

Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Chapter 17 Section 4: The Hardships of
War
In this lesson, we will:
• describe conditions
for Confederate &
Union soldiers.
• explain what
problems each side
faced at home.
• summarize how the
war affected the
economies of the
North and the South.
• identify the role
women played in the
war.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
VOCABULARY WORDS WE'LL LEARN THIS
LESSON:
•
•
•
•
•
COPPERHEAD
DRAFT
HABEAS CORPUS
INFLATION
PROFITEER
E
S
E
H
T
W
O
!
!
N
!
K MS!!
R
E
T
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
The Hard Life of Soldiers
• typical age for
soldiers was under
age 21.
• tough hours of
drilling and marching.
• as more soldiers
were killed, age
restrictions were
relaxed.
• "minie ball" changed
the nature of
warfare.
• new weapons had
deadly results.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
• Sick & wounded soldiers faced
many horrors.
• crude battlefield medical care;
most common operation were
amputations.
• any serious wound to the torso
would usually result in death from
loss of blood or infection.
• poor sanitary conditions led to
rampant spread of disease in
camps.
• disease killed twice as many men
as bullets.
•
Desertion rates were similar in both
North & South; 1 of 7 men deserted
in North, 1 of 9 men in South.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Dysentery-Bloody Diarrhea
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Civil War embalming procedure. 6
Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Opposition to
War in the
North
• some northerners
opposed the use of force
to keep the South in the
Union.
• Supporters of the war
named this people
COPPERHEADS.
• other northerners
opposed the way Lincoln
conducted the war, while
largely supporting the
war aims.
• soon after the war began, there was a
shortage of men to serve in the Union army.
• Congress passed a DRAFT law in 1863,
requiring all able-bodied males between
20-45 to serve in the military if they
were called.
• men could pay $300 to the government or
find someone serve in their place.
• "Rich man's war, poor man's fight."
• Let's
read about
riots in
the cities
over the
war on
page 502.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Problems in the South
• President Davis struggled to
create a strong federal
government in the Confederacy.
• many in the South believed in
states' rights and resisted paying
taxes.
• South also had to draft
soldiers. Men who owned 20 or
more slaves were exempt. Small
farmers resented this law.
• late in the war, Gen. Lee urged
that slaves be allowed to serve as
soldiers. The desperate
Confederacy agreed but no slaves
would fight because the war
ended.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
The Northern Economy
• the Union had to use
several strategies to
raise money for the
war.
• First income tax is
established in 1861.
This is a tax on
people's earnings.
• Union issued bonds
also.
• Union printed more
and more paper money.
• as the money supply
increased, each dollar
became worth less.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Inflation
occurs when
there is a rise
in prices and
a decrease in
the value of
money.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Economic benefits in the North
• since many men went
off to fight there was
a greater need for
machines to plant &
harvest crops.
Thousands of reapers
were manufactured
and sold during the
war.
• farm production
increased.
• demand for clothing,
shoes, guns & other
goods helped northern
industries.
• some dishonest merchants called
profiteers charged outrageously high
prices for items that were desperately
needed during the war.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
The Southern Economy
• the war ruined the southern economy, as they had
to deal with the cost of the war, loss of cotton
trade and severe shortages caused by the
blockade. (Remember Emma Simpson in the video,
when she had to limit the amount of sugar in
her tea????)
• imposed an income tax and a tax-in-kind.
• let's read about Southern inflation on page 503.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Women in the War
• women on both sides played vital
roles.
• ran farms and worked in
factories while men were fighting.
• Women's aid societies assisted
the war effort by supplying troops
with food, bedding, clothing and
medicine.
• women eventually worked as
nurses on both sides of the
conflict.
• performed so well it became an
accepted occupation for women
after the war.
• Dorothea Dix & Clara
Barton both were nurses
for the Union army.
• Sojourner Truth
worked in Union hospitals
and in camps for freed
slaves.
• Sally Tompkins set up a
hospital in the South at
Richmond, Virginia.
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Chapter 17 Section 4 Smart Lecture Hardships of War.notebook
Sojourner Truth
Dorothea Dix
Sally Tompkins
Three Important women of the Civil War!!!
• all of these
e
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women, and
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many more who
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What have they n
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accomplished? ??
w
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s
roles in serving
oe
r
e
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their country in
the Civil War.
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