Download INSIDE THE EARTH The Earth is made up of several layers that

INSIDE THE EARTH
The Earth is made up of several layers that have different characteristics
- Core: center of the Earth made up of hot iron mixed with other metals and
rock
- Mantle: layer of hot, dense rock
* magma can be found in the mantle and often flows to the surface
during volcanic eruptions
* Once magma reaches the surface, it is called lava
- Crust: Earth’s upper layer consisting of a thin rocky shell that forms the
surface
SHAPING THE EARTH’S SURFACE
- Forces acting both inside and outside the Earth work to change the
Earth’s surface
- Plate tectonics: theory of how the continent’s were formed and why
they move
o Continents sit on plates that move which is known as continental
drift
o Only moves 1 ot 7 inches per year
- When plates meet many things can happen
o Plates may collide usually causing mountains
o When continental plates and ocean plates collide, earthquakes may
occur
o Plates may slide along one another, they create faults
WEATHERING
• Weathering is when water and ice, chemicals, and even plants break rocks
apart into smaller pieces
• Erosion is when water, wind, and ice can move away weathered rock
– Running water, ocean waves, wind and giant moving glaciers may
cause erosion
THE WATER PLANET
- Water covers about 70% of the planet, but only some of the water is
usable
- 97% of the world’s water is salt water making only 3% of the water is
usable
- Much of the freshwater is frozen in ice that covers the polar regions
- The total amount of water in the world does not change and moves
constantly in a process called the water cycle
o Water goes from the oceans, to the air through evaporation, to the
ground through precipitation, and back to the oceans through
runoff
EFFECTS OF THE CLIMATE
- Sun – movement of air and water helps distribute the sun’s heat evenly
around the Earth
- Prevailing winds – warm air from the Tropics moves towards Poles and
colder air from the Poles moves towards the Equator
 Trade winds – east to west between the Tropics
 Westerlies – west to east between Tropics and 60 degrees latitude
- Ocean currents can carry warm water to
higher latitudes bring with it a mild climate
- Rain shadows block rain from reaching interior regions, usually found near
the ocean
CLIMATE ZONES
- Climate zones are similar patterns of temperature and precipitation
- Climate zones include biomes which are areas that include particular kinds
of animals and plants that have adapted to the conditions there
 Biomes include deserts, tundra, forests, grasslands, and aquatic
EFFECTS OF THE CLIMATE
- Ocean currents can carry warm water to higher latitudes bring with it a
mild climate
- Rain shadows block rain from reaching interior regions, usually found near
the ocean
CHANGING CLIMATE
Global warming - The increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to
a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse effect - The buildup of certain gases in the Earth’s atmosphere that
retain the Sun’s warmth