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WHY DO WE BREATH? The physiology of the cardiovascular, muscular, and respiratory systems DAY 1 – HOMEOSTASIS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Before we can discuss breathing, we have to understand how our nervous system works Key vocabulary: Homeostasis Feedback loops Take notes of the following…. NOTES: HOMEOSTASIS “Keeping things in balance” DEFINITION Homeostasis is: A process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant A feedback loop is when the amount of product of a reaction controls how fast (or slow) the reaction goes. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLv3SkF_Eag (~6 minutes) Example of positive feedback (I love Lucy) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A FEEDBACK LOOP Our body utilizes negative feedback loops most often. This is when the amount of product of a reaction controls how fast (or slow) the reaction goes. In negative feedback, a change makes something happen so things go back in balance. An example of a feedback loop would be: Body Temperature too cold = shiver too hode = sweat IN OTHER WORDS…. Negative feedback loops are like a thermostat in your house. The temperature inside the house drops below the set temperature, then the thermostat turns on the furnace (heat). If house temperature is too hot, then the a.c. is activated (cool). WHAT WE NEED TO KEEP THE SAME IN OUR BODY: Temperature (98.6 F) Blood pH (7.4) almost neutral Blood pressure (average 120/80) Heart rate (80 beats per minute) Blood sugar level Hydration/amount of water Amount of salts Amount of blood (2 pints per every 25 lbs) Breathing (respiratory rate) Each system of the body contributes some aspect to maintaining homeostasis (stable internal balance) NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is more than “the brain controls everything”! NERVOUS SYSTEM Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord: The brain is like your body’s central computer and the spinal cord is the network that the nervous system uses to send messages to and from the body. Peripheral Nervous System All the nerves and neurons throughout the body: Sensory neurons (cells) send signals to the brain and then the brain instructs motor neurons to move/react. SUBSETS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Somatic Nervous System: all of the muscles we can control ….ie…moving, walking, talking Autonomic Nervous System: all of the things we cannot control. Subdivided into the: Sympathetic – responds to stress and danger. “Fight or Flight” response…release of adrenaline Parasympathetic – “rest and digest” response (when things are good). Controls heart rate, breathing, and digestion. NERVOUS SYSTEM Hypothalamus - controls body temperature with the following feedback loop: If too low, causes shivering of muscles and reduced blood flow (blue skin) to create heat If too hot, causes sweating and increased blood flow (red skin) to get rid of heat Brain Stem - Controls heart rate with the following feedback loop: If too low, increases nerve impulses to make heart beat faster If too high, decreases nerve impulses to keep the heart rate at 80 beats per minute DISEASES/AFFLICTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Stroke Aneurism Brain Cancer Depression Bipolar disorder headaches FOR THE REMAINDER OF CLASS…. P900 #1-5 Label and color the parts of the nervous system on the back of your notes. DAY 2: REFLEXES LAB Opener: Stand on one foot while I stamp your nervous system coloring. Why did I make you stand on one foot? (ie..how does this relate to our notes from last time?) Use the following two vocabulary words in your answer: HOMEOSTASIS and FEEDBACK LOOPS. Lab: Reflexes DAY 3: DOODLE SHEET PART A-F Measuring Heart Rate RESTING HEART RATE As a class lets take our resting heart rate! Count for 20 seconds. Multiply by 3 to get beats per minute. Record in Doodle A. COLLECT DATA Exercise vigorously for two minutes, then without sitting down, take your heart rate. (have a partner watch the time for you while you count!) After resting for 5 minutes, take your heart rate again. Record your data in the Class Data Table. Heart Rate (beats per minute) Resting Immediately After Exercise 5 Minutes After Exercise CLASS DATA Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Resting After Exercise After Rest WHAT PATTERNS DO YOU SEE IN THE CLASS DATA? This is a place to write your thoughts…not your neighbor’s thoughts or the class thoughts. It makes your thinking visible to the teacher…and it is easier to share when called upon. Share your ideas with your group This is our phenomena! Doodle B •I notice that after exercise, heart rates _________________. •Then, after resting for five minutes, the heart rates ____________. . WHAT QUESTIONS COULD YOU ASK ABOUT THE PATTERNS SEEN IN THE CLASS DATA? Doodle C •I wonder why ________________. . Driving Question: (when we are done, you will have to answer this..which question do you prefer?) . DAY 4: DOODLE SHEET PART D + NOTES What does the heart do? Doodle D (Brainstorm your ideas here) The purpose of the heart is __________. . FINISH DOODLE SHEET Where is the heart pumping blood to? Doodle E •The ultimate destination of the blood is _______________________. WHY DO THE CELLS NEED BLOOD? Doodle F •The cells need blood because ______________________. . The equation for Cellular Respiration is: . ________________________________ Day 4 WHICH OF THESE MATERIALS WOULD A CELL NEED MORE OF DURING EXERCISE? Doodle G •The cells would need more of____________ . •They need this because____________________. •During exercise, cells would run out of _______ faster because __________. . WHY DOES THE HEART PUMP FASTER DURING EXERCISE? Doodle H The heart pumps faster during exercise because ___________ HOW DOES YOUR HEART KNOW THAT IT NEEDS TO SPEED UP OR SLOW DOWN? Doodle I Diagram where the information to speed up or slow down your heart rate comes from and where it has to go to by using arrows on your doodle sheet. You can add any words or structures that you think may be involved in addition to what is shown on the Doodle Sheet. CIRCULATORY/ CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Besides controlling blood pressure and moving blood throughout the body it…… CIRCULATORY/CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The main function of the circulatory system is to provide nutrients and oxygen to the various parts of the body, via the blood, which is circulated through the veins and arteries, like a giant transportation system. Arteries carry the oxygenated blood from the heart to the cells and tissues, whereas veins return the oxygen-depleted blood from the cells to the heart. THE TWO FORMS OF CIRCULATION In systemic circulation, arteries collect the oxygen-rich blood from the heart and is transported to the body tissues. In the process, oxygen from the blood is diffused into the body cells; whereas carbon dioxide from the cells is diffused in the blood. This exchange of gases takes place with the help of capillaries that surround the body cells The pulmonary circulation is a loop from the heart to the lungs. It is that portion, where deoxygenated blood from the heart is carried to the lungs and in turn, returns oxygenated blood to the heart. The circulatory system works with the respiratory system and digestive system to supply oxygen and nutrients to the body. Blood carries the messenger chemicals hormones, secreted by the organs of the endocrine system. Thus, the circulatory system is also responsible for circulating hormones for proper communication between the body organs. CIRCULATORY/CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Capillaries (smallest of blood vessels) - Controls flow of oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from cells using the following feedback loop: If oxygen too low, gases flow from areas of high concentration (capillaries)to low concentration (cells) to maintain levels If too high, the opposite happens, gases flow from areas of high concentration (cells) to low concentration (capillaries). DISEASES/AFFLICTION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY SYSTEM HMWK: Color and label the circulatory system diagram on the back of your notes!! Heart attack High blood pressure Hemophilia Stroke Sepsis (infection) Bruises/contusions (hickey) DAY 5: READING AND SUMMARY SHEET Reading: Control Of Heart Rate Paired 1. 2. 3. 4. Reading: Person on the left is partner A and the other is partner B. Partner A reads the first paragraph out loud, partner B listens, then gives a summary statement or the main point of the paragraph. Both partners write down the main idea on their reading guide. Switch roles and continue until the reading is complete Text Mining: Go back to the reading and look for key concepts and fill in the graphic organizer. 4 structures involved 2 types of messages 1 environmental change the article is focusing on 1 body response to the environmental change. DAY 6: CONTROL OF HEART RATE CARD SORT On your white board use the cards to create a map of the flow of information that will help you answer our driving question. Start with the muscle cells Use arrows to show the direction information is flowing. To help you have out your Doodle Sheet Reading: Control Of Heart Rate Summary Sheet: Control Of Heart Rate ASSESSMENT Draw the diagram you and your group mapped out and your teacher approved on the paper provided. DAY 7: MUSCLE/BRAIN FEEDBACK DIAGRAM The Feedback Diagram Handout gives general terms for the important components of feedback loops. On your handout, note below each term which specific component, of the heart rate feedback loop you just described, plays that role. Feedback Diagrams Name _______________________ PROCESSOR medulla Brain INPUT MESSAGE OUTPUT MESSAGE Nerve impulse SENSOR Blood vessel receptor Chemical-(Epinephrine) Exercise Increase in heart rate Muscle Cells TRIGGER RESPONSE Decrease in CO2 SENSOR Blood vessel receptor Decrease in heart rate Sit Down INPUT MESSAGE Nerve Impulse Heart RESPONSE TRIGGER Increase in CO2 EFFECTOR EFFECTOR Heart OUTPUT MESSAGE Brain Medulla PROCESSOR Chemical-(Acetylcholine) MODEL SHEET Why does your heart rate go up after exercise and then go back down after resting? Our heart rate goes up when we exercise and goes down when we rest Evidence: Doodle sheet part A Muscles are cells that need oxygen and food to create energy through cellular respiration Evidence: Doodle sheet part D-G Cells need more energy during exercise so need more oxygen (input) Evidence: Doodle sheet part H The heart and cardiovascular system provide a path for the inputs and outputs needed by cells for cellular respiration Evidence: cardiovascular notes There is a complex system of feedback loops that allow the brain, muscles, and heart to communicate. Evidence: nervous system notes and reading All feedback loops consist of an sensor , receptor, processor, effector, and response. Evidence: Feedback loop visual and handout DAY 8: FRIENDLY TALK….(ESSAY… SHHHH! ) Billy Bob just ran around the track 2 times and his heart is beating real fast. He says it is because his brain is telling his body he needs more O2 Gilbert says that it is because his body needs to get rid of the CO2 his cells are producing during exercise and has nothing to do with the brain. Who do you agree with and why? Be sure to cite evidence from your notebook p23-31, include key vocabulary Cellular respiration Inputs and outputs Feedback loops Extra heart muscles brain Nerve Impulse Chemical Signal Heart rate credit: What is the difference between a reflex and voluntary movement? TICKET OUT THE DOOR Explain why your heart rate decreases after exercising.