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Kevin Hosey Choosing Sweet Corn is an art…. Growers have to balance these needs: •Maturity – spreading out your harvest •Ability to germinate in cold soil •Strong vigorous plant •Easy to pick •Yield •Attractive and the right size for the market •Flavor •Holding quality in the field and in storage •Disease & Insect resistance And a science… 3 MAIN TYPES pluses minuses SU – standard sugary “old-fashioned” sweet corn •Starchier corn is better for soups and stews •Loses sugar hours after harvest •No new breeding SE- sugary enhanced a gene that raises the sugar content above SU while retaining the tender & creamy texture •Corn flavor •Generally good texture •Many with excellent cold soil germination •A gradual decline in post-harvest quality over a few days Sh2- supersweet – more sugar, and more perceived sugar. The sh2 gene blocks the conversion of sugar to starch •Very Sweet •Keeps in the field and post-harvest •Needs to be isolated from other types of corn by 50 – 150 feet or 14 day difference in maturity. •Tenderness varies •Most are not for the coldest soil- requires 60° (Mirai corn was hard to germinate) Most new varieties of SE corn are “Synergistic”. SE- sugary enhanced What it is What it does Se Heterozygous one parent has the SE gene, the other is SU Somewhat sweeter with extra vigor for early seeding Se Homozygous both parents have the SE gene Increases the sugar level over that of SE corn while retaining tenderness Synergistic One parents has the SE gene . The other parent is the result of a cross with sugary & Sh2 parents. Sweet and tender with no loss of seed/plant vigor from the sh2 parent Allure – nice new synergistic variety This would be a good time to detour into “Brands” which would be series of varieties, grouped by the breeder, based on one or more characteristics. Brands Varieties What it does TripleSweet Providence A unique type that uses the “Brittle Gene” BC 0805 instead of the Sh2 gene but is otherwise similar to synergistic. TripleSweet Plus Primus A double-dose of Synergistic. One parent is Sugary/ Brittle, the other is Sugary/ Sh2 Attribute – GE both TripleSweet & Sh2 types BC 0822 BC 0805 Provides control for European Corn Borer, Corn Earworm Performance – GE both SE and Sh2 types Temptation II Xtra Tender – all varieties are Sh2 2171 2573 Vision Provides control for European Corn Borer, Obsession II Corn Earworm, Fall Armyworm, Western & SV 90105A Northern Corn Rootworm larva, Corn stalk borer and several others. Tolerant to Roundup Weather MAX & PowerMAX Improved over the original Sh2 by being more tender. The first generation Sh2 was chewy. The tenderness is achieved using a variety of different traditional breeding techniques. SE corn early maturity with good cold soil vigor CUPPA JOE •72 days, for your earliest seeding. •Slightly better than Temptation in appearance, plant height and ear height, flavor, and disease resistance. Similar ability to germinate in cold soil and plant vigor. •Nice big plant 5½ - 6’ with 18” ear height •8” ear with medium-green husk and good tip cover •Handles heat •IR: Common rust, Stewart’s Wilt TEMPTATION II Cuppa Joe (the person in this photo is over 6 feet tall). •72 days • Performance Series – insect protection and Roundup tolerant •Very good cold soil germination •Smaller ear – 7” - 7½” with dark green husk and good cover •Plant is tall for maturity group at 6’ SE synergistic, main season maturity ALLURE • 75 days, with excellent seed vigor for early seeding • replacing Kristine – Stronger plant •Attractive large ear 8” – 8½” with dark green husk and good cover •Sturdy plant is 6½’ with a 20” ear height •Very good flavor, sweet •IR: Stewart’s Wilt KA-CHING •78 days, grower friendly with good flavor •Very large 9” ear •Husk is medium green with the excellent cover needed later in the season. •Tall, clean 8’ plant. And 32” ear height •IR: Stewart’s Wilt, Rust, NCLB Sh2 Supersweet early to main maturity 2171 Xtra Tender 71 days • If you need to plant in cold soil (60 degrees) this is a good choice. •Good eating with early maturity •Blocky ears •Downside is longer shank and not much flag leaf XTH 20173 73 days • 2573 with added rust resistance. • Vision has set the standard for flavor in recent years. 20173 and 2573 are the bi-color counterpart. For those looking for the best possible flavor. • Only “Fair” in cool soil. • It’s not usually a problem but this “Vision-quality” series has plants with “brittle roots”. They root deep, but break easier than a really sturdy rooted variety like Obsession. • HR: Rs, RpGDJ IR: Bm Pst Sh2 Supersweet main season maturity AWESOME XR • • • • • • 74 days Our top selling Awesome with added rust resistance. Very good flavor and tenderness, but not so tender that it can’t be used for shipping. Dark green husk with tight cover. The rust resistance makes for a slightly more vigorous plant. Very easy snap. HR: Ps, RpGDJ IR: Pst XTH 2674 74 days • Rust resistant version of 274A limited seed available in 2013 • Improved plant vigor • Large, 8.5” ears • Improved tip fill • Tip cover may not be as good as 274A • HR: Ps, RPGDJ Sh2 Supersweet main & late season maturity Stellar 76 days. •Awesome tastes very good but Stellar can be even better and has a bigger ear •Ear cover is better than Obsession and husk less likely to burn up. •Strong plant •If not planted densely, shanks can be big. •HR: Pst IR: Ps OBSESSION II 78 day. • Performance Series version of popular • Obsession – great plant, very good flavor and appearance and disease resistance • Grower comment “I was the envy of my Hollow” with no weeds • Nice big ears and easy to pick (Obsession is easy to pick, but even easier without the weeds) • Great yields • R: PS IR: ET, Pst Sh2 Supersweet late season maturity SV 90105A • • • • 80 day, Performance Series version of “7143” (EX08767143) Resembles Obsession with added rust resistance – this makes it a good choice to wrap up your season when insect & rust pressure is high Vigorous plant handles stress well IR: Bm, Et, Ps-Rp1-d, Ps-RpG 7143 in photo A note on Rust Resistance – there are many strains of rust and each strain can have its own gene conveying resistance. When a race is specified the resistance is linked to a given gene. Polygenic rust resistance means that several genes are working together, providing a broader resistance, but not necessarily as complete a resistance to a named strain. This is often described as “good field tolerance”. Synergy, a synergistic corn, is an example of polygenic resistance. Sh2 seed on left– note the shrunken-ness Synergistic seed on right The evolution toward tender sh2 corn that also germinates well. The first supersweet, Florida Staysweet, was bred in the 1970’s. The original breeding was for shipping. As you can imagine, for corn that would be consumed a week after harvest, even a tough pericarp (skin) would be better than a week old “Butter & Sugar”. Crookham & IFS shared in the original inbreds. The early supersweets had inherently poor germination and vigor. 50% stands were to be expected. Although a tender pericarp was achieved by different paths in traditional breeding, all genes link back to the same modifier genes that have made SE corn tender for a few generations. What this means is that sugary x shrunken parents were used in breeding for tenderness. By the early 2000’s this resulted in very good eating quality, with the Mirai series as an example. Cold soil germination and plant vigor for sh2 corn went from bad to worse as eating quality improved. 277A introduced around 2001 was the first variety that combined good growing characteristics with very good flavor and tenderness. Since then, with Awesome as a good example, supersweets now combine good cool soil germination and vigor with exceptional eating quality. SE program pluses considerations alternatives First Seeding Cold soil Cuppa Joe 72 days Great in cold soil Good flavor Good plant Better than other early corn in flavor but still not great Tried & True: Temptation Roundup-Ready, insect protected: Temptation II Early Main Season from early seeding Allure 75 days Very good in cold soil Very good flavor Large attractive ear Occasional hard snap SC 1102 great flavor, excellent plant: clean w/ high ear placement. Main Season late Ka-Ching 78 days Grower friendly Good flavor Very large ear Not as widely adapted as → Tried & True: Montauk, Providence or (insect protected) BC-0805 Sh2 program pluses considerations alternatives First Seeding Cold soil 2171 Extra Tender 71 days Great in cold soil Vigorous clean plant Best eating of first early class Generally good tip fill Low ear placement Awesome (but later maturing) Early Main Season from early seeding Awesome XR 74 days Very good in cold soil Very good flavor/ tenderness Great yield & easy pick Stress tolerant Improved rust resistance Can be “shanky” in lower plant populations XTH 2674 Main Season XTH 20173 73 days Best flavor “Vision quality” now with rust resistance Increased plant vigor Great for freezing Not a strong plant Not easy to pick 2573 or 2673 (similar varieties but without rust resistance) Main Season late Stellar 76 days Great flavor Easy to pick Strong, lodge-resistant plant. Needs high plant population to keep shank size down Round Up Ready & Insect protected: Obsession II Late Season EX 7143 80 days Obsession quality and yield potential with improved Rust resistance Flavor / tenderness is a slight step down from earlier varieties Round Up Ready & Insect protected: 90105A (with improved rust resistance)