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Chapter 1 Test Review telescope – a tool that makes distant objects appear larger, brighter, and sharper magnify – to make an object appear larger optical telescope – magnifies distant objects by collecting light radio telescope – magnifies distant objects by collecting radio waves that computers use to make pictures of space Hubble Space Telescope – an optical telescope in space that helps scientists to clearly see objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere and gives scientists a clearer view of distant regions of space solar system – the Sun, orbiting planets, their moons, and other objects traveling around the Sun sun – a huge sphere of hot gases that gives off heat and light; the nearest star to Earth planets – large bodies of rock or gas in space that move around a star o do not produce light of their own, reflect light from the sun orbit – move in a path around an object moon – small, rounded body in orbit around a planet o does not produces its own light, reflects light from the sun inner planets – Mars, Venus, Earth, Mars o closest planets to the sun o get a lot of heat and light o small and made of rocky materials o surfaces have mountains and craters space probe – a craft that travels into space with instruments, but not people o carries lab equipment, cameras, and other tools to gather data o data is sent back to Earth using radio waves outer planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune o cold and dark because they are far from the sun o large, made of gases, and have many moons o each has a system of rings gas giant – a very large planet made up of mostly gases dwarf planet – round, orbiting body like a planet but much smaller Planets Mercury closest to the sun smallest planet very hot during the day and very cold at night moves very quickly through space because it is so close to the sun orbit = 88 days rotation (1 full spin of the planet) = 59 days moons – 0 Venus 2nd planet from the sun, hottest planet, Earth’s twin covered by thick clouds of gas that trap the heat and make it very hot spins very slowly in opposite direction of most of the other planets orbit = 225 days rotation (1 full spin) = 243 days moons – 0 Chapter 1 Test Review Earth 3rd planet from the sun only planet known to support life atmosphere keeps the planet from getting too hot or too cold rotates (spins) every 24 hours causing day and night orbit = 365 days or 1 year position of the planet in orbit causes the seasons moons – 1 Mars 4th planet from the sun called the Red Planet because the soil has iron oxide (rust) in it many craters, mountains, and volcanoes rotation (1 full spin) = 24 1/2 hours orbit = 687 days Neptune 8th planet from the sun smallest of the outer planets very cold, stormiest planet blue color caused by methane in the atmosphere rotation (1 full spin) = 17 hours orbit = 165 Earth years moons – 13 discovered so far Pluto: A Dwarf Planet considered a planet until 2006 when it was classified as a dwarf planet rocky and icy rotation (1 full spin) = 6 hours orbit = 248 Earth years moons – 3 Review Questions Jupiter 5th planet from the sun largest planet Great Red Spot - a large wind storm in the atmosphere rotation (1 full spin) = 9.8 hours orbit = 12 Earth years moons – 63 discovered so far Saturn 6th planet from the sun 2nd largest planet spins/rotates so quickly it has a flattened shape beautiful rings made of dust, ice, and rocks rotation (1 full spin) = 10 1/2 hours orbit = 29 1/2 Earth years moons – 47 discovered so far Uranus th 7 planet from the sun 1st planet to be discovered with a telescope 3rd largest planet blue-green color caused by methane in the atmosphere spins/rotates on its side rotation (1 full spin) = 17 hours orbit = 84 Earth years moons – 27 discovered so far 1. Why do scientists use telescopes? 2. What problem does a telescope help to solve? 3. Why do you think it is dangerous to look directly at the sun, especially with a telescope? 4. How is a radio telescope different from an optical telescope? 5. How can technology be used to see distant objects in the sky? 6. Name the planets in order of their distance from the Sun. 7. How are the inner planets and outer planets alike? How are they different? 8. A planet has a very long year compared to Earth’s year. Do you think that this planet is closer to or farther from the Sun than Earth? Explain your answer. 9. How does a gas giant differ from other planets? 10. A year on Jupiter is 12 Earth years. What does this data tell you about Jupiter’s distance from the Sun as compared to Earth’s?