Download Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Islands . . . Oh My!

Volcanoes, and Earthquakes, and
Plates . . . Oh Myyyyyyy!
Energy Transfer
• Energy is neither ________ nor ________.
• So, what happens to the energy?
– While we are going through volcanoes,
earthquakes and hot spots, think about the
energy transfer that is going on
What are tectonic plates made of?
• Plates are made
of rigid
lithosphere
which is the
crust and the
upper part of
the mantle.
What lies beneath the tectonic plates?
• Below the
lithosphere is the
asthenosphere, a
layer that is solid,
but flows.
Crash Course on Plate Tectonics
• The Earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates
which move in various directions.
• This motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or
scrape against each other.
– This movement in turn causes earthquakes, volcanoes
and builds mountains
– The movement is caused by heat inside the Earth, it
makes the plates move via convection currents
Plate Movement
• “Plates” of lithosphere are moved around by the
underlying hot mantle convection cells
Volcanoes
• Vent to Earth’s surface
• Form at zones where plates are pulling apart
(expose the mantle) and places where plates
collide and one plate sinks into the mantle
• Volcanoes transfer heat energy to Earth’s
surface, and transfers mechanical energy in
great big explosions!
Pacific Ring of Fire
Volcanism
is mostly
focused at
plate
margins
Damage Caused by Volcanoes
Earthquakes
• Occur along fault lines, plate boundaries, and
during after shocks
• Transfers mechanical energy in the form of waves
– P-Waves (longitudinal wave)
– S-Waves (transverse wave)
– Surface Waves or Love Waves: can move items up and
down and left to right; they are the slowest waves
Where do Earthquakes Form?
At Plate Boundaries and along Fault Lines
Figure showing the tectonic setting of earthquakes
• As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly
distributed over the globe
Figure showing the
distribution of
earthquakes
around the globe
• At the boundaries between plates, friction causes
them to stick together. When built up energy causes
them to break, earthquakes occur.
Earthquake in Japan
Wasatch Fault
• Normal fault, means the movement is vertical
• The fault is 240 miles long (Runs from the
bottom of Idaho to the middle of Utah
• The average interval of a major earthquake is
350 years. It has been 600 years since the last
major shifting
Damage Caused by Earthquakes:
DNR Wasatch Fault
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DByPiCkz
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