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Page 1 of 4 Carbohydrate Counting For Children with Diabetes How does carbohydrate affect blood glucose? How much carbohydrate should I eat? What you eat affects your blood glucose (blood sugar) levels. Some foods cause glucose to rise, while others have little or no effect. Carbs are important for a healthy, balanced diet. Your dietitian will help you decide how many carbs are right for your age and activity level. Carbohydrates (carbs) make your blood glucose levels go up. Carbs are found in fruits, milk, yogurt, breads, cereals, starchy vegetables (such as potatoes, corn, cooked dried beans and cooked lentils) and sweets. Holidays, birthdays and pizza parties are okay. Just be sure to follow your treatment plan. Other food groups have little or no effect on blood glucose. These include: • Non-starchy vegetables (carrots, greens, peppers, cucumbers, etc.) • Most proteins (eggs, cheeses, fish, meats, chicken, peanut butter) • Fats (found in margarines, oils, salad dressings and nuts). It is important to eat a variety of foods. Eating a nocarb diet won’t make your diabetes go away. Work with your dietitian to develop a meal plan that fits your lifestyle and daily routine. If you have not yet met with a dietitian, please call your care team to set up a visit. Your appetite will vary from day to day, so your daily carbs will change. Try to make healthy carb choices. In general: • Toddlers tend to eat 2 to 3 carb units (30 to 45 grams carbohydrate) per meal. (Carb units are sometimes called carb choices.) • Preschoolers tend to eat 3 to 4 carb units (45 to 60 grams carbohydrate) per meal. • School-age children tend to eat 4 to 5 carb units (60 to 75 grams carbohydrate) per meal. • Teens tend to eat 4 to 6 carb units (60 to 90 grams carbohydrate) per meal. Please call your dietitian if you have any questions about your diet. To find out how much food equals one carb unit, see the next page. If you are deaf or hard of hearing, please let us know. We provide many free services including sign language interpreters, oral interpreters, TTYs, telephone amplifiers, note takers and written materials. Page 2 of 4 1 carb unit = 15 grams total carbohydrate. Examples: Starches: 1 carb unit = Fruits: 1 carb unit = One bread slice or roll (whole wheat, rye, white or pumpernickel) One small fresh fruit (the size of a tennis ball), 1/2 cup mango, 1 cup papaya, 1/2 grapefruit One 6-inch tortilla, chapati, roti or injera bread ½ cup canned fruit (packed in its own juice) One waffle or pancake (the size of a slice of bread) ¼ cup dried fruit 3/4 to 1 cup dry, unsweetened cereal (most brands) ½ cup orange juice or apple juice ¼ large bagel 1/3 cup grape juice or fruit juice blend ½ English muffin, pita, hot dog bun, hamburger bun or naan bread 1 cup melon or berries ½ cup cooked cereal or ¾ cup most dry cereals 2 tablespoons raisins One small egg roll One medium meat samosa or 1/2 vegetable samosa One 4-inch rice or corn patty (baked) ⅓ cup cooked rice or pasta (wheat, egg or rice noodles) 1/2 cup cooked mung bean or chow mein noodles ½ cup cooked peas, corn, sweet potato, white potato, taro, plantains or legumes (dried beans, peas or lentils, including dal or chole) 1 cup winter squash 1 ounce potato or tortilla chips (about 15 medium chips) 3 cups popped popcorn 4 to 6 crackers 17 small grapes Milk: 1 carb unit = 1 cup (8 ounces) fat-free or low-fat milk or buttermilk 3/4 to 1 cup (6 to 8 ounces) lite yogurt 1 cup (8 ounces) plain yogurt 1 cup (8 ounces) vanilla soymilk “Other”: 1 carb unit = 2-inch square of cake or brownie 2 small cookies ½ cup ice cream or frozen yogurt ¼ cup sherbet or sorbet ¼ cup rice pudding or kheer 1 tablespoon syrup, molasses, jam, jelly, sugar or honey 1 tablespoon sweet-and-sour sauce 3 tablespoons ketchup Page 3 of 4 Reading Labels on Food Packages A nutrition facts label tells you how many calories and nutrients are in one serving of a food product. Nutrition Facts Serving Size ½ cup (90g) Servings Per Container 4 Amount Per Serving Calories 100 Calories from Fat 30 % Daily Value Total Fat 3g 5% Saturated Fat 0g 0% Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 0mg 0% Sodium 300mg 13% Total Carbohydrate 13g 4% Dietary Fiber 3g 12% Sugars 3g Protein 3g Serving size Check serving size carefully. This tells you how large one serving will be. Next, look at the servings per container to see how many servings are in each package. Even a small package can have more than one serving. If you eat two servings, you will get twice the number of calories and nutrients listed on the label. Calories Both the total number of calories and the number of calories from fat are listed. No more than 30% of your total calories should come from fat. Total carbohydrate Since carbohydrates have the greatest effect on your blood glucose, it is very important to track how many carbohydrates you are eating. The amount of carbohydrate on a food label is always listed as “Total Carbohydrate.” This includes the amount of carbohydrate that comes from sugar. Total fat Total fat includes all the saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and trans fats in one serving. Try to limit saturated and trans fats. These can raise your cholesterol. Other ingredients Cholesterol: You should eat no more than 200 to 300 mg of cholesterol a day. Sodium: Limit sodium (salt) to no more than 2,300 mg per day. If you have high blood pressure, eat no more than 1,500 mg per day. Dietary fiber: Try to eat at least 20 to 35 grams a day. Sugars: This number includes sugars that occur naturally in the food and sugars that have been added to the food. Protein: Note the amount of protein listed to help you stay within your daily protein guidelines. Your dietitian will tell you how much protein is right for you. Page 4 of 4 For informational purposes only. Not to replace the advice of your health care provider. Copyright © 2008 Fairview Health Services. All rights reserved. SMARTworks 520809 – REV 03/16.