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Cold War Years sec. 2
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War in Korea and a New Red Scare
The Big Idea
During the Cold War, the U.S. government confronted communism globally and within the United States.
Main Ideas
• The United States fought Communist North Korea in the Korean War.
• Fear of Communists led to a new Red Scare at home.
• President Eisenhower faced Cold War crises around the world.
Main Idea 1:
The United States fought Communist North Korea in the Korean War.
• Cold War quickly spread to Asian nations of China and Korea.
• China: in 1949 the People’s Republic of China was established by Communists, led by Mao Zedong
• Korea: after World War II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel with a Soviet­implemented government in North Korea and a U.S.­implemented government in South Korea.
Korean War
• On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea.
• United States and United Nations responded by offering support to South Korea.
• China sent support to North Korea.
• By 1951, UN forces drove North Koreans and Chinese back across the 38th parallel but fighting continued.
• The unpopularity of Truman’s actions during the war helped Dwight D. Eisenhower win the 1952 presidential election.
• Korean War officially ended July 27, 1953 with a cease­
fire.
• More than 130,000 Americans had been killed or wounded.
• Over 2 million Korean and Chinese casualties 1 Why did the U.S. get involved in the Korean War?
A
B
To stop the spread of communism
To make North Korea a democracy
C U.S. didn't like North Korea
D South Korea attacked North Korea
Main Idea 2:
Fear of Communists led to a new Red Scare at home.
Cold War fears led to a new Red Scare in the late 1940s and 1950s.
A Congressional committee known as the House Un­American Activities Committee (HUAC) was in charge of investigating Communist influence in America.
In 1947 HUAC launched hearings to expose supposed Communist influence in movie industry
• They branded as “red,” or Communist, actors and writers who
would not answer questions or refused to reveal names.
• People suspected of Communist sympathies were often blacklisted, or denied work.
Explosive spy cases also fed fears that Communists were at work in the United States.
Rise of McCarthy
• In 1950 Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy charged that Communists were working inside the State Department.
• Had no concrete proof
• When charges were challenged, he made up new charges. • This method of making aggressive accusations without proof became known as McCarthyism.
• In 1954, during televised hearings, he finally went too far.
• Used brutal tactics and bullied a young legal assistant
• Public outraged
• Senate later voted to condemn McCarthy’s actions.
• Came too late to help those whose careers had already been ruined by his attacks
2
In 1950, this Wisconsin senator began accusing people of being Communists. He had no concrete proof and ruined many people's lives.
A Douglas MacArthur
B Dwight Eisenhower
C
Harry Truman
D Joseph McCarthy
Main Idea 3:
President Eisenhower faced Cold War crises around the world.
• In 1952 America completed development on hydrogen bomb, a weapon more powerful than the atomic bomb.
• By 1953 Soviet Union developed its own hydrogen bomb, thus beginning a nuclear arms race, as both rushed to build more weapons.
• In October 1957 Soviets launched Sputnik, the first artificial space satellite.
• In January 1958 the United States launched its own satellite and established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
3
The Soviet Union launched Sputnik, becoming the first nation to launch a satellite into space.
True False Cold War Crises
• Eisenhower supported strategy of brinkmanship, a willingness to go to the brink of war to oppose communism.
• Used covert, or secret, operations around the world to overthrow leaders and influence politics.
• 1953– Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) helped overthrow premier of Iran.
• 1954– CIA helped organize removal of Guatemalan president.
• Crisis in Egypt briefly brought Americans and Soviets together.
• After crisis averted, Cold War continued.
4
Eisenhower supported this strategy, which was a willingness to go to the brink of war to oppose communism.
A
Cold War
B brinkmanship
C
arms race
D
CIA
5
The Soviet Union and the United States competed over the development of nuclear weapons (arms race). Do you think this will stop wars from happening between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?
Yes No