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Download BIOMES/AQUATIC SYSTEMS Biology 1039 Terrestrial
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BIOMES/AQUATIC SYSTEMS Biology 1039 Terrestrial Names in parentheses are names of biomes from the web site – world distributions from web site & book I. Tundra (Tundra) Arctic and alpine Climate: cold and dry Plant forms: low growing mosses, grasses, sedges Characteristic animals: caribou, water birds, musk oxen, arctic fox II. Desert (Desert Scrub) Climate: dry, hot - cold Plant forms: scattered shrubs, sometimes short trees Characteristic animals: reptiles, rodents, hawks, jackrabbits, coyotes III. Taiga or Boreal Forest (Taiga) Climate: cold, low – moderate amounts of moisture (mostly as snow) Plant forms: coniferous trees (spruce, larch, firs), shorter stature Characteristic animals: moose, elk, beavers, mink, wolves, lynx, hares IV. Woodland/Grassland/Shrub land continuum (Temperate Grassland, Mediterranean Scrub) Climate: moderate rainfall (125 – 25 cm), moderate-hot summers, cold winters Plant forms: as implied by names Characteristic animals: variety of species across types – grasslands dominated by bison, pronghorn, elk, prairie dogs, wolves in North America before conversion to agriculture. V. Temperate Forest (Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forest) Climate: moist with warm-hot summers, cold winters Plant forms: Large deciduous trees Characteristic animals: song birds, amphibians, deer, turkey, squirrels VI. Temperate Rain Forest (not given) Climate: very wet, mild summers and winters Plant forms: tall, large coniferous trees (redwoods, Douglas firs, spruces, pines, firs) Characteristic animals: deer, amphibians, raptorial birds, bobcat, wolverine VII. Thorn Forest/Savanna/Thorn Scrub continuum (Tropical Savanna) Climate: moderately wet but distinct dry period, warm to hot all year Plant forms: ecological counterpart to group IV, but many bushes and trees have thorns Characteristic animals: In Africa - elephants, lions, antelope, zebra, ostrich, giraffe VIII. Tropical Seasonal Forest (Tropical Broadleaf Evergreen Forest) Climate: high precipitation but with distinct dry period, warm to hot all year Plant forms: tall trees, many deciduous; lianas (vines) Characteristic animals: monkeys, apes, parrots, bats, insects, cats, reptiles amphibians IX. Tropical Rain Forest (Tropical Broadleaf Evergreen Forest) Climate: high precipitation with short dry season, warm to hot all year Plant forms: tall trees, lianas; evergreen Characteristic animals: same as group VIII Aquatic Terms to know: Plankton – microscopic organisms in water Phytoplankton – photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria Zooplankton – single-celled protozoan and larvae of small crustaceans Nekton – large, free-swimming animals Fish, aquatic mammals, reptiles, amphibians Benthos – bottom-dwelling organisms Affixed: oysters, barnacles, mussels Sand dwellers: worms, echinoderms (starfish, sand dollars, sea slugs) Bottom walkers: lobsters, crayfish Ecosystems: I. Freshwater A. Streams and Rivers - flowing water, clear or sediment filled B. Lakes and Ponds - contained water, clear or nutrient filled C. Marshes, Swamps, Bogs - shallow water with much vegetation D. Estuaries - interface between freshwater rivers and ocean or sea II. Marine A. Intertidal - rocky or sandy B. Pelagic - open ocean C. Benthic - ocean floor (sometimes vent areas) D. Coral reefs - around islands and near shore
