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Key Name: ___________ ____________ Block: _________ Date: ____________________ Bacteria Worksheet #1 Biology 11 1. How can you distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote? Prokaryotes: have no cell membrane, no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, are much smaller than Eukaryotes and have simple DNA. They also have plasmids which Eukaryotes don’t have. 2. Describe the differences between the two main groups of Kingdom Monera: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Eubacteria(bacteria) live everywhere and are very common. Archaebacteria (archaea) are extremophiles and live in extremely hot/salty/acidic environments. 3. Identify each of the following structures on the bacterium below. 1- Capsule 2- Cell membrane 3- Cell wall 4- Chromosome 5- Flagella 6- Pilus 7- Plasmid 1 8- Ribosomes 3 2 4 5 7 8 6 Name: ___________ ____________ Block: _________ Date: ____________________ 4. Describe the three main groups of archaebacteria, and the characteristics that distinguish them from each other. Acedophiles - Live in extremely acidic environments Halophiles - live in extremely salty environments Thermophiles - Live in extremely hot environments 5. Describe the three main groups of eubacteria, and the characteristics that distinguish them from each other. Heterotrophs - Eat other organic molecules Photoautotrophs - Make their own food using light Chemoautotrophs - Make their own food using inorganic chemicals 6. How can bacteria be identified? Name and describe three ways. Their shape and growth pattern Gram staining (positive or negative) Mode of feeding 7. Describe how bacteria reproduce (a) Sexually conjugation: Transfer of plasmid from one bacteria to another Transformation: picking up of DNA from a dead bacteria Transduction: Transfer of DNA from one bacteria to another via a viral attack (b) Asexually Binary Fission: when one bacterium splits into 2 8. Explain the differences between obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes. (3 marks) Obligate aerobes: NEED oxygen to respire and survive Obligates anaerobes: will DIE in the presence of oxygen Facultative anaerobes: will use oxygen when it’s available but don’t need it to survive 9. List and briefly describe 5 ways in which bacteria are important to Earth. help digest food in animal intestines help break down dead organisms are food for other organisms used to clean up toxic environments etc.