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C H A P T E R
G U I D E
36
Fighting World War II
What military strategies did the United States and
its allies pursue to defeat the Axis powers in World War II?
K e y
C o n t e n t
T e r m s
As you complete the Reading Notes, use these
Key Content Terms in your answers:
Allies
Holocaust
Axis powers
Battle of Midway
Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Okinawa
D-Day
Manhattan Project
P R E V I E W
You are the head coach of a high school basketball
team. Your team is about to play the top-ranked team,
which has last year’s most valuable player (MVP) on
its roster. You just found out that half of your team is
caught in traffic and will not make it in time for the start
of the game. What strategy will you pursue?
Choose one of these strategies. In your notebook, write
a paragraph explaining your choice.
• Play defense, stall, and try to keep the score close in
hopes that your other players will arrive soon.
• Go on the offense and attack the opponent’s MVP,
hoping to tire him or her and get him or her to foul.
• Attack the weakest player, even if that allows the
MVP to stay rested and remain on offense.
R E A D I N G
N O T E S
Set up your Reading Notes by cutting out the maps of
Europe and the Pacific from Notebook Handout 36.
Tape each map to the center of a page in your notebook.
Label each page with the appropriate section number
and title.
Section 36.2
Read Section 36.2. Annotate the map for this section
as follows:
• Identify North Africa, Poland, and the Soviet Union
and label each with a star.
• Write three facts about events that occurred in these
areas.
Section 36.3
1. Read through the subsection “Soviets Fight Alone
at Stalingrad.” Annotate the map for Section 36.3
as follows:
• Identify southern Italy and Stalingrad and label
each with a star.
• Write three facts about events that occurred in
these areas.
2. Read the remainder of the section. Finish annotating
the map as follows:
• Identify Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge
and label each with a star.
• Write three facts about events that occurred in
these areas.
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Section 36.4
Read Section 36.4. Annotate the map in your notebook
as follows:
• Identify the Philippines, Tokyo, and the Coral Sea
and label each with a star.
• Write three facts about events that occurred in
these areas.
P R O C E S S I N G
In two well-written paragraphs, respond to the following
question: Should the United States be praised or criticized for the military strategies or actions it pursued
during World War II? Your response should address at
least two of the military strategies and actions listed
below.
Section 36.5
World War II Military Actions and Strategies
1. Read through the subsection “Truman Faces a
Decision to Drop the Bomb.” Annotate the map for
Section 36.5 as follows:
“Europe First” strategy
• Identify Midway and Okinawa and label each with
a star.
• Write three facts about events that occurred in
these areas.
2. Read the remainder of Section 36.5. Finish annotating
the map for this section as follows:
postponement of an invasion of France
decision not to bomb the concentration camps
Operation Overlord
liberation of the concentration camps
leapfrogging strategy
battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan
• Identify Hiroshima and Nagasaki and label each
with a star.
Make sure each paragraph includes
• Write three facts about events that occurred in
these areas.
• a clear topic sentence that communicates the main
idea of your paragraph.
• one or two pieces of evidence (facts, data, quotations,
examples) from the reading to support your topic
sentence.
• one or two sentences that explain how your evidence
supports your topic sentence.
378 Chapter 36
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Battlefront Maps
Section 36.2: War in Europe and North Africa, January 1942
ICELAND
20˚W
10˚W
10˚E
ED
RW
DENMARK
IRELAND
S
GREAT
BRITAIN
London
B
NETH.
Berlin
Rhine
BELG. R.
be
El
N
Paris d
R.
GERMANY
CZ
EC
Sudetenland
PO L AND
.
Auschwitz
H OS
Y
AL
Rome
S PA I N
Stalingrad
Kiev
Ukraine
Budapest
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
YU
GO
R.
Danube
SL
AV
IA BULGARIA
IT
POR
TUG
SOVIET UNION
LOVAKI
Dan
A
ube R.Vienna
Vichy
VICHY
FRANCE
Marseilles
AL
N
Neutral nations
Warsaw
rR
SWITZ. AUSTRIA
40˚
Axis powers
before World War II
Extent of Axis control
as of January 1942
Allies
LITH.
East
Prussia
(GER.)
e
ndy
orma
O
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
al
˚N
60˚E
LATVIA
tic
North
Sea
E
50
50˚E
ESTONIA
Sea
W
40˚E
Leningrad
SW
O
N
N
30˚E
20˚E
AY
0˚
N
FINLA D
˚N
EN
60
Caucas
Black Sea
ALBANIA
(IT.)
us
TU R K EY
GREECE
Tunis
Casablanca
MOROCCO
Sicily
M ed i t er ra nea n
S ea
PALESTINE
(BR.)
TUNISIA
Alexandria
0
400 mi.
200
IRAN
LEBANON
ALGERIA
30˚N
SYRIA
L I B YA
(IT.)
0 200 400 km
TRANSJORDAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
EGYPT
Section 36.3: War in Europe and North Africa, 1942–1945
Axis powers
before World War II
ICELAND
20˚W
10˚W
10˚E
0˚
ED
RW
˚N
S
AL
cS
ea
Dachau
.
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
YU
GO
SL
R.
Ukraine
Vienna
S PA I N
Vol
ga
Auschwitz
POL A ND
ube R.
Y
AL
CZE
CH
Dan
AUSTRIA
IT
POR
TUG
R.
er
GERMANY
SWITZ.
(GER.)
Warsaw
O
Buchenwald
d
R.
N
be
El
40˚
Moscow
SOVIET UNION
East
Prussia
BEL.
FRANCE
Ba
DENMARK
GREAT Pas de
BRITAIN Calais
London
NETH. Rhine
R.
dy
an
rm
No
Neutral nations
lti
North
Sea
IRELAND
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Allies
SW
O
N
E
50
Extent of Axis control
early Nov. 1942
N
FINLA D
N
W
30˚E
20˚E
AY
˚N
EN
60
AV
IA
Caucas
Black Sea
us
BULGARIA
ALBANIA
(IT.)
TU R K EY
GREECE
Casablanca
ALGERIA
MOROCCO
TUNISIA
30˚N
FRENCH NORTH AFRICA
SYRIA
Sicily
LEBANON
M ed i t er ra ne a n
Sea
PALESTINE
(BR.)
Alexandria
0
200
400 mi.
0 200 400 km
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
L I B YA
(IT.)
Suez
Canal
SAUDI
ARABIA
EGYPT
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Section 36.4: War in the Pacific, 1942
90˚E
105˚E
120˚E
180˚
165˚E
150˚E
135˚E
165˚W
Alaska
(U.S.)
SOVIET UNION
Dutch Harbor nds
Aleutian Isla
MONGOLIA
la
nd
s
Attu I.
MANCHURIA
ril
Ku
JA
PA
N
KOREA
Burma
INDIA
BURMA
W
Ro
S
Hong
Kong
30˚N
Formosa
Hawaiian Is.
Wake I.
Mariana Is.
Pearl Harbor
THAILAND
Manila
FRENCH
INDOCHINA
15˚N
Guam
PHILIPPINE
ISLANDS
0
Marshall
Is.
Su
Singapore
Borneo
1,000 km
tra
ma
Equator 0˚
New
Guinea
Celebes
1,000 mi.
500
0
Caroline Islands
MALAYA
Gilbert Is.
DUTCH EAST INDIES
Solomon
Is.
Java
INDIAN
OCEAN
E
Is.
PACIF IC
O CE A N
Tokyo
Hiroshima Nagasaki
Shanghai yu
uk
Ry
ad
Chongqing
45˚N
N
Beijing
CHINA
Is
Coral Sea
Areas under
Japanese control, 1942
Greatest extent of Japanese
naval power, 1942
15˚S
AUSTRALIA
Section 36.5: War in the Pacific, 1942–1945
90˚E
105˚E
120˚E
180˚
165˚E
150˚E
135˚E
165˚W
Alaska
(U.S.)
SOVIET UNION
Dutch Harbor
Attu I.
MONGOLIA
MANCHURIA
KOREA
Ro
Burma
INDIA
BURMA
1945
FRENCH
INDOCHINA
PACI FI C
30˚N
Midway
Hawaiian Is.
Pearl Harbor Saipan
Manila
PHILIPPINE
ISLANDS
Leyte Gulf
15˚N
Guam
N
Marshall
Is.
W
CAROLINE ISLANDS
MALAYA
tra
ma
Su
Singapore
Borneo
Celebes
New
Guinea
Java
Areas under Japanese control, 1942
Greatest extent of Japanese naval power, 1942
E
S
Tarawa
DUTCH EAST INDIES
380 Chapter 36
45˚N
Tokyo
Hiroshima OCEAN
Nagasaki Shanghai yu
Okinawa
uk
Ry
Iwo Jima
Formosa
Hong
Wake I.
Mariana Is.
Kong
THAILAND
INDIAN
OCEAN
s
Is.
ad
Chongqing
I
ril
Ku
JA
PA
N
Beijing
CHINA
la
nd
s
nds
Aleutian Isla
Equator 0˚
Gilbert Is.
Solomon
Is.
Guadalcanal
Coral
Sea
15˚S
0
0
1,000
1,000
2,000 mi.
2,000 km
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute