Download Mushrooms Vs cancer

Mushrooms vs cancer
Dr Mercola
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gycmbHBfNl8
Mushrooms are neither plant nor animal. They're fungi and have been valued
for their medicinal properties for centuries.
In ancient Egypt, mushrooms were thought to bring long life, and today in the
21st century, research is bearing out the mechanisms behind mushrooms'
health-boosting properties, including their potential to fight one of the greatest
plagues to modern man – cancer.
The Cancer-Fighting Properties of Mushrooms
About 100 species are being studied for their health-promoting benefits, and
about a half dozen really stand out for their ability to deliver a tremendous
boost to your immune system. In fact, some of the most potent
immunosupportive agents come from mushrooms, and this is one reason why
they're so beneficial for both preventing and treating cancer.
Long-chain polysaccharides, particularly alpha- and beta-glucan molecules,
are primarily responsible for the mushrooms' beneficial effect on your immune
system. In one study, adding one or two servings of dried shiitake mushrooms
was found to have a beneficial, modulating effect on immune system
function.1
Other naturally-occurring compounds in mushrooms such as fungal proteins,
lectins, peptides, laccases, and others have also been reported to have
significant effects on immune function. A protein-bound polysaccharide extract
from turkey tail mushrooms is also being used to boost cancer patients'
immune function in countries including Japan.2
An extract from maitake mushrooms has also been shown to stimulate the
immune system in breast cancer patients.3 However, much research also
shows that mushrooms have direct anti-cancer effects as well. For instance:
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In a Japanese animal study, mice suffering from sarcoma were given
shiitake mushroom extract. Six of 10 mice had complete tumor
regression, and with slightly higher concentrations all 10 mice showed
complete tumor regression.4
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The compound lentinan in shiitake mushrooms has been found to
increase the survival rate of cancer patients5
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Extracts from maitake mushrooms, when combined with vitamin C,
were shown to reduce the growth of bladder cancer cells by 90 percent,
as well as kill them6
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In Japan, the top two forms of alternative medicine used by cancer
patients are a mushroom called Agaricus subrufescens (aka Agaricus
blazei andAgaricus brasiliensis) and shiitake mushroom extract7
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Ganoderic acid in Reishi mushrooms may be useful in treating lung
cancer8
One particularly unique mushroom, Cordyceps, also called caterpillar fungus
or Tochukasu, has anti-tumor properties as well. This parasitic mushroom is
unique because, in the wild, it grows out of an insect host instead of a plant
host. It has long been used within both traditional Chinese and Tibetan
medicine. Scientists at The University of Nottingham have been studying
cordycepin, one of the active medicinal compounds found in these fungi, as a
potential cancer drug.9
What Else Are Mushrooms Good For?
Mushrooms are not only capable of bolstering immune function and potentially
fighting cancer. Aside from being rich in protein, fiber, vitamin C, B vitamins,
calcium, and minerals, mushrooms are excellent sources of antioxidants.
They contain polyphenols and selenium, which are common in the plant
world, as well as antioxidants that are unique to mushrooms. One such
antioxidant is ergothioneine, which scientists are now beginning to recognize
as a "master antioxidant."
A previous study in the journal Nature10 discusses the importance of
ergothioneine, which is fairly exclusive to mushrooms (ergothioneine is
produced only by fungi and certain soil-inhabiting mycobacteria… plants may
contain ergothioneine but only by an association of their roots with a fungus),
describing it as "an unusual sulfur-containing derivative of the amino acid,
histidine," which appears to have a very specific role in protecting your DNA
from oxidative damage.
With that in mind, it becomes easy to see how mushrooms may be an
important part of an optimal diet. If you don't like to eat them whole, you can
also find them in supplement form, either as an extract or whole food
supplement. The FASEB Journal also published nine studies on mushrooms
that detailed a wide variety of health benefits,11 including:

Weight management: One study found that substituting red meat with
white button mushrooms can help enhance weight loss.12

Improved nutrition: One dietary analysis found that mushroom
consumption was associated with better diet quality and improved
nutrition.13

Increasing vitamin D levels through your diet: Consuming dried
white button mushroom extract was found to be as effective as taking
supplemental vitamin D2 or D3 for increasing vitamin D levels (25hydroxyvitamin D).14Exposure of all species of mushroom tissue (fruit
body and mycelia) to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) converts the
bioactive mushroom compound ergosterol into significant amounts of
vitamin D2. Some species of mushrooms also contain vitamin D3 and
D4.
In 2011, I interviewed Steve Farrar, who worked and studied mushrooms
professionally for the last 30 years. The first 20 years, he spent growing them
and working primarily with gourmet chefs, but in the past decade, he's started
applying his expertise of mushrooms to health purposes. According to Farrar,
Americans consume about 900 million pounds of mushrooms a year, but 95
percent of that is just one species: the common button mushroom and its
relatives, the Crimini and the Portabello mushrooms.
Granted, the button mushroom is an excellent food, but there are many other
types of mushrooms worthy of consideration if you want to improve your diet
and health. Farrar's focus has been on growing various gourmet mushroom
species, particularly the wood-decaying mushroom species, which differ
greatly from your average button mushroom in terms of biology, nutrition, and
medicinal value. To learn more, watch the interview below.
Download Interview Transcript
The Mysterious Mycelium
Mushrooms are nature's recycling system. If it weren't for mushrooms, we
wouldn't have plants, because mushrooms (and their "parent" mycelium)
break down rocks and organic matter, turning them into soil that provides the
framework to nourish plants. Mushrooms are actually only the fruiting body of
a more vast fungal form—the mycelium.
The mycelium is a fascinating cobweb-like mat that infuses nearly all
landscapes. It is through the mycelium that the fungus absorbs nutrients from
the environment. When two compatible mycelia combine, the resulting
mycelium occasionally forms fruiting bodies called mushrooms. The
mushrooms make spores, which fly away to make new mycelial colonies, and
the lifecycle is complete.
Mycelial mats can be too small to see or cover vast areas of ground. Their
extreme tenacity makes the soil spongy and able to support 30,000 times its
weight. A single cubic inch of soil can contain eight miles of mycelium cells.
The largest living organism on Earth is a mycelium in Eastern Oregon that
covers 2,200 acres, is ONE cell wall thick and 2,000 years old. Paul Stamets,
world-renown mycologist, believes fungal mycelia and the intricate, branching
network they form function as "the Earth's Internet," a complex communication
highway that is sort of Mother Nature's neural net.
In some ways, mycelia are "sentient" and seem to demonstrate learning. If
one pathway is broken, it develops an alternate path. According to Stamets,
when you step on it, it knows you're there and "leaps up" in the aftermath of
your footstep, trying to grab debris. The mycelia—not JUST the mushrooms—
contain many of the healing agents for which mushrooms are revered. Some
supplements offer the added boon of including the mycelia of the mushroom
for its added health benefits, including potentially enhancing energy
production and focus.
Some mycelial products produced by a process known as "Solid State
Fermentation" also contain extracellular (ie. secreted through the cell wall and
into the surrounding environment) protective compounds that the mycelia
produces to protect itself from competitors and pathogens. They may also
contain a cocktail of extracellular digestive enzymes that the mushroom
produces to digest and liquefy its substrate in order to absorb the liquefied
nutrients across the cell wall.
How to Get More Mushroom Power in Your Diet
First off, I highly recommend adding a variety of mushrooms to your diet.
They're an excellent addition to any salad and go great with all kinds of meat
and fish. As a caveat, do make sure they're organically grown in order to
avoid harmful contaminants that mushrooms absorb and concentrate from
soil, air and water. Also, avoid picking mushrooms in the wild unless you
areabsolutely sure you know what you're picking. There are a number of toxic
mushrooms (all mushrooms are edible, but some of them just once—a
mushroom joke), and it's easy to get them confused unless you have a lot of
experience and know what to look for. Growing your own is an excellent
option and a far safer alternative to picking wild mushrooms.
In general mushroom fruit bodies, especially the button mushroom, are better
to eat cooked. There were some studies in the '80s that reported Agaritine, a
hydrazine compound found in Agaricus mushroom species, is a carcinogen.
Agaritine is mostly broken down by the heat of cooking. The studies were
later mostly discredited.
Later studies done on the Agaritine in Agaricus blazei (a medicinal mushroom
that is a tropical relative of the common button mushroom), found that
extracted agaritine had antitumorial effects and induced apoptosis in leukemic
cell lines.15 Additionally, cooking breaks down the chitin in the cell wall of
mushrooms and makes the nutrients and bioactive compounds more
bioavailable. (Note: mushroom mycelium tissue, especially when finely milled,
is more digestible than the above-ground mushroom fruit body tissue.) Also
for mushroom species such as button mushrooms, which are grown on a
pasteurized, manure-based compost (versus a sterilized wood or grain-based
substrate), there are some hygiene issues to consider when consuming raw.
Dehydrated, finely milled mushroom powders (especially the milder-tasting
mycelial powders) are excellent as "smoothie boosters." A teaspoon or two
added to a veggie or fruit smoothie or protein shake is an easy and
convenient way to add functionality to what is now a daily habit for many
people. Dehydrated mushroom powders require no refrigeration and have a
long shelf life, making it easy to maintain a daily mushroom regimen even
when traveling. When it comes to mushroom supplements, there are two
primary types:
Mushroom concentrates or extracts — Most of these are so-called
hot water extracts, where either the mushroom mycelia — or the fruit
body — is boiled for extended periods of time to extract the long chain
polysaccharides. The end product is a concentrated form of
glyconutrients (complex sugars) thought to be responsible for many of
the health benefits, particularly the immunomodulating properties, of the
mushroom. However, the heat of hot water extraction will
destroy/denature many of the temperature-sensitive bioactive
compounds (vitamins, proteins, amino acids, enzymes) and will not
capture the alcohol-soluble or insoluble compounds (insoluble dietary
fibers) in the mushrooms. Some extracts are produced using sequential
hot water and alcohol solvent extraction processes that will contain more
but not all of the multitude of naturally-occurring bioactive ingredients
contained in the whole mushroom.
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Whole food/raw mushrooms — Consuming the mushrooms raw or
using a whole food mushroom (powdered pill) product is generally a
better alternative if you're reasonably healthy and looking to maintain
optimal health, as they help maintain ideal function of your various
systems as opposed to imparting a direct effect. Most of the knowledge
about mushrooms come from ancient Chinese medicine where
mushrooms are regarded as tonics. Tonics are considered to have nonspecific beneficial effects across several systems of your body that do
not decline over time. The beneficial effects of tonics (sometimes
referred to as adaptogens) are best achieved by taking tonics on a daily,
on-going basis.
As mentioned earlier, if you choose to eat your mushrooms raw, make sure
they are organically grown, as their flesh easily absorbs air and soil
contaminants. Likewise, you'll want to make sure any product you buy is
certified organic for the same reason. In addition to valuable nutrients, whole
mushrooms also provide healthful dietary fiber that acts as prebiotic platforms
for the growth of probiotic organisms in your gut, which is very important for
digestive health. This is yet another reason to opt for a whole food mushroom
product.
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