Download What happens in meiosis?

Name
Cloze
Activity
Section 6.1
Date
Use with textbook pages 191–193.
What happens in meiosis?
Vocabulary
fertilization
gametes
haploid
meiosis
meiosis I
meiosis II
mitosis
zygote
2
3
4
23
46
body cell
chromosome
diploid
embryo
Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. You can use each term more
than once. You will not need to use every term.
1. Female and male organisms produce specialized cells called gametes
that are necessary for reproduction. Eggs are the
from female
gametes
parents. Sperm are the
from male parents.
gametes
2. During sexual reproduction, the gametes from the two parents combine
during a process called
fertilization to form a new cell called a
.
Zygote
3. As the zygote undergoes repeated
into a(n)
.
mitosis
and cell division, it matures
embryo
4. A human diploid body cell has
5. Human gamete cells have a total of
are said to be
.
haploid
6. During meiosis, each
cell divides twice.
chromosome
pairs of chromosomes.
23
23
chromosomes. Gametes
in a cell is duplicated once and then the
meiosis
7. The first division of the cell is called
diploid cell and finishes with two haploid cells.
I
, which starts with a
8. Each of the two haploid cells undergoes a second division called
meiosis
I
, which starts with two haploid cells and ends with four
haploid cells.
9. Meiosis starts with one
diploid
haploid cells.
4
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
cell and ends with
Section 6.1
Meiosis • MHR
83
Name
Use with textbook pages 188–202.
Meiosis
Term
2.
€
3.
B
Descriptor
diploid number
embryo
fertilization
4. g
gametes
5. H
genetic diversity
I
haploid number
6.
7. A
8. D
9.
F
homologous
chromosomes
sexual
reproduction
zygote
A. matching
chromosomes
B. process in which
gametes from two
parents combine
C. two sets of
chromosomes
D. produces offspring that
are genetically different
from each other
E. develops from a zygote
F. new diploid cell formed
by the process of
fertilization
G. the process of mitosis
H. variety in a species
I. one set of
chromosomes
J. specialized cells; sperm
from males and eggs
from females
Circle the letter of the best answer.
10. Human body cells have
B. one quarter the number of chromosomes
oC. half the number of chromosomes
D. double the number of chromosomes
12. Sexual reproduction
I.
always produces identical offspring
II.
requires two parents
III.
increases genetic diversity
X
✓
✓
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
0
D. I, II, and III
13. Meiosis I
A. starts with a diploid cell and ends with
two haploid cells
:
B. starts with a haploid cell and ends with
two diploid cells
C. starts with two diploid cells and ends
with a haploid cell
D. starts with a two haploid cells and ends
with a diploid cell
14. Meiosis II
A. starts with two haploid cells and ends
with four haploid cells
A. 17 chromosomes
B. 23 chromosomes
0C. 46 chromosomes
D. 92 chromosomes
11. The process of meiosis produces gametes
with _____ as body cells.
A. the same number of chromosomes
Match each Term on the left with the best
Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may only
be used once.
1.
Assessment
Section 6.1
Date
C
paired )
B. starts with two diploid cells and ends
with four haploid cells
C. starts with four diploid cells and ends
with two haploid cells
D. starts with four haploid cells and ends
with two haploid cells
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Section 6.1
Meiosis • MHR
85
Name
Cloze
Activity
Section 6.2
Date
Use with textbook pages 204–220.
Embryonic and fetal development
Vocabulary
birds
blastula
differentiation
ectoderm
embryo
embryonic stem cells
endoderm
external
fetus
fish
gametes
internal
mating
mesoderm
offspring
Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Use each term only once. You
will not need to use every term.
1.
Mating
is how gametes meet in the same place at the same time.
2. When sperm and egg cells join outside of the bodies of the parents, the joining is
called
fertilization. This type of fertilization
external
is common with
.
fisn
3. When sperm and egg cells join inside the body of the female parent, the joining is
internal
called
fertilization. This type of fertilization
is common with
.
birds
4. During embryonic development, the
constantly, and tissues and organs form.
embryo
develops. Its cells divide
5. During the first week, the mass of cells hollows out and is called a(n)
blastula
. Its cells are
embryonic stem cells .
All tissues and organs will develop from these cells.
6. During the second week, the blastula cells become organized into three distinct
layers of cells. The outer layer is called the
.
ectoderm
The middle layer is called the
.
Mesoderm
The inner layer is called the
.
endoderm
7. The development of organs and body structures from the blastula cell layers is called
differentiation
.
8. After the first eight weeks of development, the embryo is called a(n)
88
MHR • Section 6.2
Sexual Reproduction
fetus
.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Name
Interpreting
Illustrations
Section 6.2
Date
Use with textbook pages 216–219.
From human embryo to human baby
Label the diagram and complete the charts below.
Embryonic development
Questions
1. Label the three layers of blastula cells on the
illustration.
2. What develops from the ectoderm?
Skint
nervous
systems
ectoderm
(a)
3. What develops from the mesoderm?
Mesoderm
(b)
kidney
endoderm
(c)
blood
skeleton
,
vessels
,
reproductive
,
Muscles
,
&
organs
4. What develops from the endoderm?
lungs livers , to lining
of digestive system
,
5. What happens during each of the three trimesters?
Trimester
(a) First
What is happening at this stage of fetal development?
Brains
Fingers
Ears
,
spinal
&
toes
&
kidney
Fetal
Fetus
can
90
Rapid
lungs
appeared
outside
survive
care
felt
develop
muscles
&
almost
are
.
.
liver
,
movements
specialized
(c) Third
,
forming
are
differentiation
sexual
(b) Second
cord
complete
Eyelids
.
of
mother
.
.
open
.
w/
.
weight gain
&
accumulation
MHR • Section 6.2
Sexual Reproduction
due
occurs
of
fat
to
the
growth
.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Name
Assessment
Section 6.2
Date
7. In a fetus, the brain and spinal cord are
starting to form at
Use with textbook pages 204–220.
Sexual reproduction
B. four weeks (
Match each Term on the left with the best
Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be
used only once.
Term
differentiation
2.
A
embryonic
development
3.
F
external
fertilization
4. D
5.
c
internal
fertilization
mating
8.
0 Fetal movements are felt at
A. four weeks
B. eight weeks
C. twelve weeks
D. sixteen weeks ( 4
0
months
)
Use the following chart to answer
questions 9 and 10.
I.
the first and second month after fertilization
II.
the third and fourth month after fertilization
III.
the fifth and sixth month after fertilization
IV.
the seventh and eighth month after fertilization
9. Embryonic development occurs during
Circle the letter of the best answer.
6. Which of the following is true of how many
flowering plants reproduce?
I.
internal fertilization
II.
external fertilization
III.
sperm and egg cell meet inside the female ✓
IV.
sperm and egg cell meet outside the female
✓
oA. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II, and III only
D. I, II, III, and IV
X
B. I and IV
month )
D. twelve weeks
A. development during
first eight weeks
B. development after first
eight weeks
C. the process by which
gametes arrive in the
same place at the
same time
D. sperm cell and egg cell
meet within the female
E. development of organs
and body structures
from blastula
F. sperm cell and egg
cell meet outside the
bodies of the parents
A. I and III
o
1
C. eight weeks
Descriptor
1. E
:
A. two weeks
×
10. Fetal development occurs during
A. I only
B. II and III only
C. II, III, and IV only
o
D. I, II, III, and IV
C. II and III
D. II and IV
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Section 6.2
Sexual Reproduction • MHR
91
Name
Cloze
Activity
Section 6.3
Date
Use with textbook pages 224–229.
Types of assisted reproductive technologies
Vocabulary
artificial insemination
assisted reproductive technologies
embryos
fallopian tubes
gamete intrafallopian transfer
gametes
in vitro fertilization
infertility
intracytoplasmic sperm injection
sperm
stem cells
surrogate mother
uterus
Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. You can use each term more
than once. You will not need to use every term.
1.
Infertility
is the inability of a couple to have a baby.
technologies
assisted
2. Most
include removing egg cells from a
reproductive
woman’s body, fertilizing them, and placing one or more embryos in the uterus.
uterus
3. The
is the organ in a female mammal,
such as a human, in which an embryo develops and is nourished before birth.
4. Techniques for collecting
from a male and injecting
sperm
it into a female were first developed for animals more than 200 years ago.
5.
Intracytoplasmic
is a very specialized procedure
sperm
injection
in which a single sperm cell is injected into an egg cell. The fertilized egg is then
injected into the mother’s
.
uterus
intra fallopian
6. In
, egg cells are removed
transfer
gamete
from a woman’s ovaries and combined with sperm cells. The mixture of eggs and
tubes
sperm is then injected into the mother’s
so an egg cell may be fertilized.
fallopian
7. Sometimes, one or both
surrogate
mother
may be provided so a
can become pregnant and give birth to a child
gametes
for someone else to raise.
fertilization
vitro
in
8. In
, a woman’s egg cell is placed
in a petri dish, and then sperm are injected into the dish.
-
9. Embryos are a source of
stem cells
to help cure diseases or regrow impaired or lost organs.
94
MHR • Section 6.3
Assisted Reproductive Technologies
that could be used
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited