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4.7 Civil War Study Guide Vocabulary • abolitionist – person who campaigned to end slavery • abolish – do away with something • civil war – a war fought within the same country • secede – withdraw or break away from an organization, association, or allegiance • Confederacy – southern states • Union – northern states Differences between Northern and Southern States • North o more industrialized economy o wanted new states in the west to be “free states” • South o agricultural economy that relied more on slave labor o wanted new states to be “slave states” Events Leading to Secession and the Civil War Nat Turner - led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia • Harriet Tubman - established the “Underground Railroad”, a secret route to help enslaved African Americans escape John Brown Abraham Lincoln - led a raid on the U.S. Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, VA.; he was later hanged for trying to start a slave rebellion. - became 16th U.S. President in 1860 causing some states to secede – later, VA, and other states joined the Confederacy The affects these people had on society, along with other abolitionists who were campaigning to end slavery, eventually let to the formation of the “Confederate States of America” The Creation of West Virignia The western counties of Virginia did not favor slavery. They wanted it to be abolished. The Eastern counties of Virginia relied on slavery. Because of many disagreements between the two regions of the state, a new state, West Virginia, was formed. (Map of VA in 1860 before West Virginia (Map of how West Virginia was separated was formed) Major Civil War Battles Fought in Virginia • • • • • from Virginia) First Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) – 1st major clash of the Civil War Fredericksburg – Robert E. Lee defeated Union troops Richmond – Capital of the Confederacy; fell to Ulysses S. Grant; burned near the end of the War Monitor (Union) & Merrimack (Confederate) – Ships from the North and South that fought a sea battle to a draw near Norfolk and Hampton because President Lincoln used the navy to block southern ports Appomattox Court House – Confederacy & General Robert E. Lee surrenders to the Union and General Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865 Civil War Leaders Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson - Confederate General - earned nickname “Stonewall” at the Battle of Bull Run where he played an important part of the battle. Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant - Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia - Confederate General - Union General - Head of Union army - Elected president of the United States in 1868 Roles of Virginians • • • • Most white Virginians supported the Confederacy The Confederacy relied on enslaved African Americans to raise crops and provide labor for the army Some free African Americans felt their limited rights could best be protected by supporting the Confederacy Most American Indians did not take sides during the Civil War