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Investigating the Solar System This Workbook belongs to: ___Teacher’s Version___ Our Local Star: The Sun Location in The Solar System Interesting Facts 1. _______The Sun is at the center of ________ ____________the Solar System_____________ _______________________________________ 2. __________The Sun is 4.6_______________ ____________billion years old______________ _______________________________________ 3. _________The Sun is the biggest__________ _________thing in our Solar System________ _______________________________________ 4. _________The Sun is a Star ______________ Name of Star: _____________not a planet_______________ ______________________________________ ______________THE SUN____________ 5. _____The planets formed as a result_______ _____of the formation of the Sun _______ ___________________________________ Draw and Color your own Sun in the blank box Planet #1 Interesting Facts Location in The Solar System 1. _______Mercury is the closest____________ ___________planet to the Sun______________ _______________________________________ 2. ________Mercury is the second___________ ___________smallest planet________________ _______________________________________ 3. _Mercury is covered by craters and it is the__ _____only planet without an atmosphere______ _______________________________________ 4. _______Mercury has the shortest__________ Name of Planet: _________orbit in our Solar System__________ NOTE: Tell the students to write the orbital period of this planet on the orbital periods worksheet at the end of this packet. 5. ___1 day on Mercury is longer than it’s_____ _______year. In fact, it equals 2 years ________ Guide to Coloring the Planet Look at the planet as having a left side and a right side. Color the small circles on the left side white. Then color the larger shapes on the right side dark gray. Finally, color the rest of the planet gray. What planet is this? _______________ Mercury___________ Planet #2 Location in The Solar System Guide to Coloring the Planet Remember, if we were to see this planet in the night sky it would be white, but if we were on the surface, it would be yellowish-brown. You are going to color this planet, as if we were on the surface. Think of this planet as having 3 parts: The outside edge, the middle, and then the rest of the planet. Color the outside edge light yellow. Color the middle dark brown. Finally, color the rest of the planet an tan color. What planet is this? Name of Planet: ________Venus________ Interesting Facts... 1. _Venus is the hottest planet in our Solar System__________________________________________________________________ 2. _Venus is covered with volcanoes and lava flows_________________________________________________________________ 3. _The atmosphere on Venus is so thick that a light breeze can blow rocks around!________________________________________ 4. _Venus is the closest planet to Earth___________________________________________________________________________ 5. _Venus is almost the same size as Earth_________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Remember to give the students the orbital period of this planet and have them write it on their orbital period worksheet Planet #3 Location in The Solar System Interesting Facts 1. ______Earth is the largest of the___________ ___________terrestrial planets______________ _______________________________________ 2. _____Earth is the only place that __________ ____supports life, that we know of so far______ _______________________________________ 3. _______More than 2/3 of the Earth’s _______ _________surface is covered by water________ _______________________________________ 4. ___Earth makes one rotation in 24 hrs ___ Name of Planet: _______and 24 hrs. equal one day.__________ _______________________________________ __________________ Earth__________________ 5. ___Earth makes one orbit in 365 days______ ______and 356 days equals 1 year.__________ Note: Remember to have the students write the orbital period on their orbital period worksheet. 1 Guide to Coloring the Planet This planet should look familiar. It has two parts: the land and the sea. The land Shapes are marked with the number 1 and the sea is marked by the number 2. Color the land green and the sea blue. What planet is this? 2 2 1 1 Planet #4 Location in The Solar System Interesting Facts 1. __________Mars has been visited_________ ________________the most________________ _______________________________________ 2. _________Mars has evidence of ___________ ____________ancient oceans on it__________ _______________________________________ 3. _________Mars is known as the ___________ _______“Red Planet” because it is rusted______ _______________________________________ 4. ___________Mars is the most ____________ Name of Planet: ____________“Earthlike” planet____________ _______________________________________ _________Mars__________ 5. _____Mars has the largest volcano_________ ____in the Solar System, it is called________ _________Olympus Mons________________ Note: Remember to have the students write the orbital period for this planet on their orbital period worksheet Guide to Coloring the Planet Think of this planet as having a left and right side. Color circles on the left side white and color the shapes on the right side black. Then color the rest of the planet a reddish-brown color. What planet is this? Planet #5 Location in The Solar System 1 Guide to Coloring the Planet Color this planet by the numbers on the rows: Row 1: Light Brown Row 2: Peach Row 3: Tan Row 4: Golden Yellow Row 5: Light Brown Row 6: Peach Row 7: Light Brown *Row 8: Color the center red, The circle outside light brown and the rest of the row tan Row 9: Peach Row 10: Light Brown 2 4 7 6 5 3 8 9 10 Name of Planet: What planet is this? __________________ Jupiter________________ Interesting Facts... 1. __Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System________________________________________________________________ 2. __Jupiter’s red spot is a storm that is two times bigger than Earth____________________________________________________ 3. __Jupiter has four big moons and many small ones _______________________________________________________________ 4. __Jupiter makes one rotation in under ten hours__________________________________________________________________ 5. __Jupiter takes 12 years to make 1 orbit around the Sun____________________________________________________________ Note: Remember to have the students write the orbital period for this planet on their orbital period worksheet Planet #6 Location in The Solar System Interesting Facts 1. _______Saturn is the second______________ _____largest planet in the Solar System_______ _______________________________________ 2._______Saturn has a moon with____________ _________an atmosphere, Titan_____________ _______________________________________ 3. ______Saturn is so light, if it were_________ _______dumped in water it would float_______ _______________________________________ 4. _______Saturn‘s rings are made___________ Name of Planet: _________of chunks of rock and ice__________ _______________________________________ ________________ Saturn__________ 5. ________Saturn‘s day is 10 hrs____________ _________and 40 minutes_(Rotation)_________ Note: Remember to have the students write the orbital period for this planet on their orbital period worksheet 2 1 3 Guide to Coloring the Planet 4 Color this planet according to the numbers found on the rows. Row 1: Tan Row 2: Yellow Row 3: Light Brown Row 4: Tan Row 5: Light Brown Row 6: Tan Row 7: Light Brown Color the remaining small rows yellow What planet is this? 5 6 7 1 2 Planet #7 Location in The Solar System Interesting Facts 1. ____Uranus has a thick atmosphere, but _____ _________no visible cloud features___________ ________________________________________ 2. _________Uranus has 27 moons____________ ________________________________________ 3. ________Uranus is the only planet__________ ____________to rotate on its side_____________ ________________________________________ 4. _______Winter and Summer last ___________ __________21 years on Uranus______________ ________________________________________ Name of Planet: 5. _____It takes Uranus 84 Earth years_________ Uranus______________ _____________ ______to make one orbit around the Sun_______ Note: Remember to have the students write the orbital period for this planet on their orbital period worksheet 6 5 4 3 2 1 Guide to Coloring the Planet Color this planet by the numbers on the rows. Row 1: Lime Green Row 2: Light Green Row 3: Light Green Row 4: Blue Green Row 5: Blue Green Row 6: Blue Green What planet is this? Planet #8 Location in The Solar System 1 Guide to Coloring the Planet Color this planet by the number or letter on the row: 2 A Row 1: Dark Blue Row 2: Light Blue Letter A: Dark Blue Row 3: Sky Blue Row 4: Blue Row 5: Dark Blue 3 4 5 What planet is this? Name of Planet: ________________ Neptune________ Interesting Facts... 1. __ Neptune is the last of the Gas Giants________________________________________________________________________ 2. __Neptune has 13 known moons______________________________________________________________________________ 3. __Neptune has some of the fastest wind speeds, with winds over 1,000 miles per hour____________________________________ 4. __Neptune has dark storms and giant hurricanes__________________________________________________________________ 5. __It takes Neptune 176 Earth years to make one orbit around the Sun_________________________________________________ Note: Remember to have the students write the orbital period for this planet on their orbital period worksheet. Planet #9 Location in The Solar System Interesting Facts 1. _________Pluto is the smallest ___________ _________planet in our Solar System_________ _______________________________________ 2. ______Pluto has never been visited_________ _______________________________________ 3. __Pluto is the furthest planet from the Sun,___ _____so it has the longest orbital period ______ NOTE: Remember to have the students write the orbital period for this planet on their orbital period worksheet and ask them to answer the question at the end of their sheet. 4. ____Pluto is neither a terrestrial planet______ Name of Planet: _____________nor a gas giant______________ 5. _____Pluto is known as a double planet_____ ________Pluto________ _______because it is almost the same ______ ________size as its moon, Charon___________ Guide to Coloring the Planet Because we know so little about this planet we don’t know the actual color. But since we know this planet is a giant ball of ice- color it gray and purple. What planet is this? ORBITAL PERIODS Directions: On the lines below, write the length of the orbital period for each planet. Be sure to write your answer in the correct units (see example below). Mercury: ____ 88 Earth days___________________________________________________ Venus: ____ 225 Earth days__________________________________________________ Earth: ___ 365 Earth days __________________________________________________ Mars: ____687 Earth days__________________________________________________ Jupiter: ____12 Earth years___________________________________________________ Saturn: ____29 Earth years___________________________________________________ Uranus: ____84 Earth years___________________________________________________ Neptune: ____176 Earth years__________________________________________________ Pluto: ____248 Earth years__________________________________________________ After looking at the orbital periods for each planet, what conclusion can you make about the lengths of the orbital paths and the distance a planet is from the Sun? _____We are hoping students can conclude – that the further a planet is___________________ _____from the Sun, the longer it will take to complete one orbit because___________________ _____it has a longer orbital path to follow.__________________________________________ N am e: ______Teachers Guide______ U nderstanding K epler’s Law s of Planetary M otion Directions: Look at your choices carefully and write the correct answer in the blank provided. 1. Kepler’s first law says that planets travel in a _______Elliptical_______ path around the sun. or Choices: C ircular or Elliptical Rectangular 2. The diagram s below show M ars in orbit around the Sun. a. Put an “X ” w here M ars is closest to the Sun b. Put an “X ” w here M ars receives the strongest gravitational pull from the Sun. c. Put an “X ” w here M ars is m oving fastest in its orbit. A. M ars X T he Sun B. M ars X T he Sun C. M ars X T he Sun After looking at your answ ers for the diagram s above, what can you say about Kepler’s second law? The closer planet (in this case M ars) gets to the Sun -- the faster it will m ove. Essentially, Kepler’s second law shows us that a planet will receive the strongest gravitational pull from the Sun w hen its closest to the sun, so as a result w ill m ove faster in its orbital path w hen closest to the Sun. 3. Why will Jupiter take much longer to orbit the Sun than Mercury? (Look at the diagram below for help) Mercury Jupiter The Sun Not to Scale Jupiter is further away from the Sun so it has a longer orbital path to follow than Mercury. In addition to having a longer orbital path, because Jupiter it is further away from the Sun it receives a weaker gravitational pull from the Sun causing it to move slower. 4. Carefully look at the diagram below. Use the diagram to help you circle the correct answer: Earth Jupiter The Sun Not to Scale Based on the position of Earth in the diagram, how long would it take Earth to pass Jupiter? a. Less than one year b. Every year c. More than one year NOTE: It takes Earth one year to revolve completely around the Sun, and it takes Jupiter 12 years because it is much farther from the Sun (see previous question). Since Earth and Jupiter are on opposite sides of the Sun in the diagram, it will take less than a year for Earth to catch up and pass Jupiter. If the diagram showed Earth and Jupiter aligned to begin with, then it would take more than one year for Earth to pass it because when Earth returned to the same spot one year later, Jupiter will have shifted some (about 1/12th of a revolution), requiring Earth to travel a bit further to catch up. Name: ________Teachers Guide_______________ How well have you learned about our Solar System? Directions: Write the name of each planet on the correct line in the diagram Earth Venus Uranus Mars Jupiter Saturn Pluto Mercury Neptune Earth Venus Uranus Mars Jupiter Saturn Pluto Mercury V en us U ra 1. ___Mercury__ 3. ___Earth__ 5.____Jupiter___ 7. ___Uranus____ 9.____Pluto_____ n us M ar s J u pi te r Sa tu rn Pl ut 8. ___Neptune___ 2. ____Venus_____ 4. ______Mars____ 6.___Saturn______ o M er c ur y N Uranus Jupiter Saturn Pluto Mercury Mars Neptune Earth Venus Uranus Mars Jupiter Saturn Pluto Mercury Neptune Earth ep Sun V en us U ra n us M ar s J u pi te r Sa tu rn Pl ut o M er c ur y N Name: ______Teacher’s Guide___________ Date: ______________________________ How well have you learned about our Solar System? 1. What are the two different TYPES of planets in our Solar System? There are two types of planets in our Solar System, the first 4 are called the rock or terrestrial planets and the next four are called the gas giants. Pluto is the only planet does not fall into either category. 2. The path a planet travels around the sun is called a ________orbit__________. 3. What is it called when a planet spins on its axis? _____When a planet spins on its axis, it is rotating________________________ 4. Which planet completes its orbit in the shortest amount of time: Mercury or Pluto? _____Mercury____________________________________________________ Why does this planet complete its orbit in the shortest amount of time? ____Mercury completes its orbit in the shortest amount of time because it is closer to the Sun than Pluto and as a result has a shorter distance to travel_____________. Multiple Choice: 5. What is at the center of our Solar System? a. Mercury b. Mars c. The Sun d. Pluto 6. What is the hottest planet in our solar system? a. Earth b. Venus c. Saturn d. The Sun 7. Which planet rotates on its side? a. Uranus b. Jupiter c. Mercury d. Mars 8. What is the biggest planet in the Solar System? a. Venus b. Uranus c. Jupiter d. Earth 9. What planet would float if you put it in water? a. Venus b. Mars c. Saturn d. Uranus 10. What is the biggest rock planet? a. Mercury b. Earth c. Saturn d. Pluto 11. What planet has a surface that most resembles the moon? a. Jupiter b. Mercury c. Pluto d. Neptune 12. Which planet has a Great Red Spot? a. Jupiter b. Earth c. Neptune d. Mercury 13. What is the smallest planet in our solar system? a. Venus b. Mercury c. Pluto d. Saturn