Download Ethernet, IP, PoE How do you Test?

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Ethernet, IP, PoE
How do you Test?
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Ethernet, IP, PoE
How do you Test?
Presented by Wendy Thomas
IDEAL Networks
Schaedler Yesco Expo 2014
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Agenda
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Basic overview of Ethernet networks
What are you trying to test?
Transmission Testing vs. Verification
Who tests Ethernet cable and why?
Overview of IDEAL product range
How to pick the right tester
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It’s not enough to install the cable.
Networks are way more than just computers.
NETWORKS 101
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What is this?
• A Cat 5 cable?
• How do you know what
category it is?
• Because it’s a blue cable?
• A patch cord?
– Yes
• An Ethernet cable?
– Yes
• What is Ethernet? What is
Cat 5? Lets discuss.
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Where are networks used?
• Vertical markets where
there is rapid expansion
in network construction
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Financial
Healthcare
Education
Enterprise
Retail
Government
Transportation
Data Centers
How much do
you need to know
to work and grow
effectively?
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Terms and Definitions
STP
10/100
1000
Mb/s
Bits
Cat 5e
Cat 6
Cat 6A
Cat 7
Shielded Twisted Pair - cable with a
shield around the inner pairs to
prevent interference. Rarely used in
US except for Cat 6A.
Data transmission rates of Ethernet in
Mega bits per second. 10 Mb/s is
rarely used. Today, every new system
is designed for at least 1000 Mb/s.
Ethernet
Small pieces of information that are
grouped into frames or packets
before being sent onto the network.
Cable rating that supports up to 1,000
Mb/s (1Gb/s) data rate. Certified to
100MHz. Accounts for 45% of sales.
IEEE 802.3ab IEEE Standard that defines performance
requirements for gigabit Ethernet.
Switch
IP Address
A temporary ID assigned to a device on a
network. Used as a source & destination
address for data frames. Think of it as a
mailing address, they change over time.
LAN
Local Area Network - a group of Ethernet
devices that communicate in a geographical
area typically as large as a campus.
MAC Address Media Access Controller Address - The
permanent hardware ID of a device. Every
Ethernet device in the world has a unique
MAC. Think of it as a social security number.
Mb/s
Mega bits per second – the data rate at
which devices are communicating on the
network.
MHz
Millions of cycles per second (frequency).
Used to describe the different performance
ratings of cable systems.
Packet
A cluster of information that is sent from
one device on the network to another. The
term is used interchangeably with Frame.
TDR
PoE
Wire map
Cable rating that supports up to 1,000
Mb/s (1Gb/s) data rate. Certified to
250MHz. Accounts for 29% of sales.
Cable rating that supports 10 Gb/s
(10,000 Mb/s) data rate. Certified to
500 MHz. Accounts for <25% of sales.
STP Cable that supports 10 Gb/s
(10,000 Mb/s) data rate. Certified to
600 MHz. Accounts for <5% of sales.
Cat 8
Future cable rating that supports 40
Gb/s data rate. Will be certified to
2,000MHz. Will use UTP or STP.
Cable/
Performance ratings for network
Connector cable and jacks. Common categories
Categories are Cat 5e, Cat 6, Cat 6A, Cat 7.
Defined by TIA-568-C standard.
Certifier
An advanced cable tester that is used
to determine cabling meets the
performance requirements of TIA568-C standard for Cat 5E, 6, or 6A.
Frame
Communication protocol "language"
networked devices use to communicate.
There are different speeds from 10Mb/s to
10Gb/s. Standard defined by IEEE.
A cluster of information that is sent from
one device on the network to another. Think
of it as a bus full of information on the
highway. Frames come in different sizes.
Power over Ethernet - a way of sending DC
power through a network cable to power
small devices like phones, wireless access
points and cameras. 48V typical.
Qualifier
Router
A basic tester that is supposed to provide information
about the quality of network cabling. Currently
available products do not explain their
measurements nor pass/fail criteria.
A devices that manages the passing of data between
different LANs or between a LAN and a WAN. When
connecting a LAN to the internet it is called a
Gateway. Network testers identify the Gateway IP
address when connecting to the network.
The central component on a LAN that interconnects
all of the individual devices to the network. Switches
are rated at 100/1000 Mb/s.
Time Domain Reflectometer - a method of measuring
the distance to opens, shorts or other anomalies on a
cable.
TIA 568-C / TIA TIA Standard that defines performance requirements
1152-A
for Cat 5e/6/6A cable & connectors.
Transmission
Tester
Verifier
WAN
WAP
An advanced tester that is used to determine
whether cabling or an active network meets the
performance requirements of the IEEE 802.3ab
gigabit Ethernet standard.
A basic tester that checks the continuity of network
cables. Used to make sure connectors are properly
terminated. Sometimes measure length.
Wide Area Network - a group of LANs that are
connected together. The LANs can be near or far
from one another
Wireless Access Point - a device that allows wireless
devices like laptops and tablets to connected to the
wired LAN. They are spread throughout a LAN and
cabled back to a switch.
Basic continuity test of connectors onto a cable.
Checks for opens, shorts, miswires and split-pairs.
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Basics of Local Area Networks - LANs
• A LAN is a group of devices that communicate with
each other through copper cabling, fiber optic cabling
or wireless systems.
• Ethernet is the “language” that most devices use to
communicate. Ethernet communication can be
transmitted over copper, fiber and wireless.
• Networks are not limited to computers, they have
expanded to every system that has communication,
control or monitoring functions.
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Basic Cabling Components
• Cable - 295 ft.
maximum length.
• Modular Jacks (RJ45) –
Terminated to the cable
at each Work Area.
• Patch Panel –
Termination point in
the Telecom Room
where all the cabling
comes together.
Horizontal Cable <295 ft
Patch Panel
Work Area
Outlet – Modular Jacks
Telecom Room
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Categories and Data Rates
• Cable & connector
performance is specified by a
Category rating.
• What is the network owner
paying for?
1. The ability to transmit data
from one place to another.
2. A data rate that meets their
needs.
• 1 gigabit (1000 Mb) is more
than enough for most users.
• What category of cabling is
needed to support 1 Gb/s?
Cable
Data Rate Rating
10 Mb/s Cat 3
100 Mb/s Cat 5
1 Gb/s
Cat 5e
Cat 6
10 Gb/s Cat 6A
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Building a Simple Ethernet LAN
Cable Installation Phase
1. Pull cable from the Telecom Room to
each Work Area or device location.
Label the location on each end of the
cable.
2. Terminate the cable to the modular jack
at the WA and to the patch panel in the
TR. If cables aren’t well labeled they
may need to be traced with a toner.
3. Test each cable to make sure it is
properly terminated.
4. It all starts with the cable
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Termination Color Codes
• An RJ45 jack or plug can be
terminated with one of two color
codes: T568A or T568B.
• These are sometimes confused
with the TIA-568-A/B/C standard.
– The original 568A color code was
defined in the TIA-568-A standard.
The 568B color code was later
allowed because it was the way
AT&T did things.
– The TIA-568 standard has been
revised and is now in the ‘C’ version.
The 568 A/B color codes will remain.
• There is no difference other than
color.
• Whichever is used, it must be used
consistently: straight through and
at both ends
Pay careful attention to labels
when terminating jacks. It’s easy
to mix up pair orders.
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Wire Map Test
• The Wire Map Test is used to detect shorts, opens, and
miswires.
• It’s the minimum test that should be performed
• What specifically does the Wire Map Test do?
– Detects any wiring errors
– Identify combinations of up to three: opens, shorts, and/or
cross-connections
– Indicates Opens and/or Shorts (Continuity)
– Identifies Split Pairs
• Does NOT test performance.
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Reversal
• Conductors on one end are reversed
from the order at the other end
• Can be 1st conductor wired to 2nd slot
• Can be all 8:
1-8
2-7
3-6
4-5
etc.
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Open
• Usually an open signifies a poor termination, not
making contact
• Can also be a cleanly cut conductor
• Or an over-punched
conductor
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Short
• Can be a nick exposing bare conductors
• Can be 2 conductors in 1 IDC slot on a modular jack
• Nail, screw or staple through a cable
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Miswire
• Conductors are not in the
same order at both ends of
the cable
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Split Pair
• Conductors are in the same
“wrong” order at both ends of the
cable.
• 2 pairs of conductors are split
from each other and mated with
conductors from an adjoining pair
• Passes continuity but introduces
excessive crosstalk causing slow
data rates.
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Horizontal Cabling
Horizontal Cable <295 ft
Patch Panel
Must all be
same minimum
rating
Work Area
Outlet
Telecom Room
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Backbone Cabling
• Copper backbone runs are
limited to 295 ft.
• Fiber optic backbone runs
can be 2000 ft. or more.
Telecom
Room
Backbone Link
Copper/Fiber
– Multi-floor buildings
– Extending the reach in large
buildings (factories,
distribution centers)
– Connecting multiple buildings
together (campuses)
Telecom
Room
Backbone Link
Copper/Fiber
• Backbone cabling is used to
connect multiple TRs to a
central location.
• In a LAN there are three
typical uses for backbones.
Telecom
Room
Telecom
Room
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Why is does testing length matter?
• How much cable is behind the wall, left in the box or
coiled up in the back of your truck or closet?
• Where is the break or short?
• Has the cable exceeded the recommended allowed
distance for maximum performance?
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Building a Simple Ethernet LAN
Networking Equipment
1.
An Ethernet switch allows
devices to communicate with
each other.
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2.
3.
4.
Think of it like a power strip for
data, many devices sharing a
common connection.
Use patch cords to connect the
patch panel ports to the switch
ports (turn them on).
Connect PCs and other devices
to the Work Area Outlets.
Connect a server to host
network applications like email,
CRM databases or shared files.
These two PCs can communicate with
each other or with the server via the
switch.
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Networking Components
• In addition to PCs any
number of devices can be
connected to a network.
• Many switches provide PoE
to a device that requests it.
• Multiple switches can be
connected together to
extend the reach beyond
295 ft.
• Ethernet is not limited to
computer networks – there
are multiple other uses that
will be discussed.
Wireless
Access
Point
Work Station
Work Station
Switch
Work Station
IP Camera
IP Phone
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What has an IP address?
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Computers and Printers
Phones
Access Points
Lighting
PLC and automation
Access Control
Cameras
Websites (i.e. the
internet)
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Electronic Signs
A/V
Smart Boards
Tablets
HVAC, Thermostats
Vending machines
Cash Registers/ATMs
Fuel Pumps
Kiosks
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Why do you care?
What are all these things connected to?
Your cable.
Who gets blamed first if something’s not
connected to the network, can’t reach the
internet or has a network issue?
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What is PoE?
• Per Wickipedia:
PoE refers to a system or
standard that allows a
single cable to provide
both data connection and
electrical power to
devices such as wireless
access points or IP
cameras.
• Voice over IP Phones
• Network or IP Cameras
• Wireless or Bluetooth
Access Points
Why do you care? It’s your
cable that transmits the
power from the switch to
the device.
Who will they blame first?
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Where are Networks Testers Used?
• Everywhere… Ethernet is
not just for PC networks
anymore.
• Anywhere there are
devices communicating,
it is likely over Ethernet
using Cat 5e/6 or fiber
optic cable.
• We can test all phases of
LAN cabling installation
and network
management.
• IP phone systems
• IP CCTV
• Automated
environmental systems
• HVAC/lighting
• Audio/video
• Electronic signage
• Kiosks - ticketing, parking
control
• Access control card
reader and door lock
systems
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Common Questions
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What is the difference between MB and Mb?
MB = Mega Byte
• Mega Byte is a larger unit
than a Mega bit (Mb).
• 1 MB = 8 Mb
• MB (today Gb/s) are usually
used when referring to disk
storage or memory size.
– Your computer may have
64Gb/s (64,000 MB) of
memory
– Your hard drive may have
500Gb/s (500,000 MB) of
storage capacity.
Mb = Mega bit
• Mega bits are 1/8 the size of a
MB.
• Mb is usually used when
referring to data transmission
speeds.
• A 1000 Mb/s network
transmission speed equals 125
Mb/s.
• Downloading a 500MB movie
with a 20 Mb/s internet
connection will take 3.3
minutes vs 40 seconds on a
20MB/s connection.
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What’s the difference between
10/100/1000 Mb/s
• The real benefit is when transferring data inside the
LAN. Internet speeds are bottlenecked by the service
provider.
• If you have a 20 Mb/s internet connection, having a
100 or 1000 Mb/s LAN makes no difference.
• Gigabit speeds are helpful in organizations where large
files are transferred to users. It also prevents a
bottleneck when many users are accessing a server at
the same time.
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Why is a TDR so special?
• A Time Domain
Reflectometer allows a
tester to measure the
distance to both an
open and a short in
cabling.
• Without a TDR only the
distance to an open can
be measured, by using
capacitance.
• How does it work?
– Like radar, a TDR sends a
pulse of energy into the
cable and measures the
reflection.
– Based on the time delay,
the distance to the short
can be calculated.
– It works just as well to an
open.
– TDRs need to be calibrated
to a cable’s NVP, but even
if wrong, the measurement
is still close.
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What is the difference between Cat 5e
and Cat 6?
• They both deliver 1 Gb/s performance. At one time
there was a debate about which would be required.
• Cat 6 provides extra performance margin that can be
helpful with sloppy installations.
• On short links, up to about 100 ft., Cat 6 can support
10 Gig, although it is rarely used for that.
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Questions?
So if you want to test beyond the cable, what
do you need?
A cable that passes wire map SHOULD work.
How do you prove that it DOES work?
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Application, Use and Function
CLASSES OF TESTERS
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Classes of Testers
Verifiers
Qualifiers
Certifiers
Transmission
Testers
Basic Connectivity
Testing
Basic “Quality” Testing
Detailed Analysis &
Troubleshooting
Performance &
Acceptance Testing
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Cable Verifiers
VDV / VDV PRO / VDV II
• Simple wiremap test for miswire,
open, short or split pair.
• Some also test length and detect
Ethernet or PoE.
• Provides no performance
information about the cable.
• A cable that PASSES a verifier may
not be able to support data
transmission.
– This is true of all VDV/Verifier
testers, not just ours. It “should”
work.
• A report from a Verifier cannot be
used to argue network operation
on callbacks.
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Cable Qualifiers
No IDEAL Equivalent
Basic “Quality” Testing
• Basic “performance” test with no
standard to backup the results.
• Our testing of these showed they
will pass cables that will not work
as indicated.
– Passing cables that are too long to
work
– Claiming 1000Mb will run on a
cable that only supports 10Mb
(Cat-3)
– Giving different results on the
same cable
• Nobody knows what criteria they
are using to Pass or Fail a cable.
• Some do offer tests in addition to
qualification.
– wiremap, length, service detection,
PoE
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Cable Certification
LanTEK II
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Detailed Analysis &
Troubleshooting
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Certifies that all electrical properties
of the cabling meet the requirements
of the ANSI/TIA-568-C cabling
standard.
Uses RF based measurements to
Certify to above standard.
A suite of many tests are performed
on all pairs of the cabling.
Sweeps the full frequency range and
measures performance over that
range.
Measures RF performance of each
characteristic against standards for
dB headroom vs. specification
threshold.
Required testing for cable
manufacturer warranty.
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Transmission Testers
SignalTEK II/CT
Performance &
Acceptance Testing
• Tests against the IEEE 802.3ab
Ethernet Standard.
• Works by transmitting Ethernet
frames (packets) through cable.
• Measures actual lost or delayed
packets.
• Simulates real world traffic on
the cable.
• Not a frequency base test.
• Also known as “Ethernet
Certification”.
• Can be used to test cable as well
as operational networks.
• Documents proof of
performance.
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Summary of Tester Types
• There are four classes of LAN cable testers on the
market: Verifiers, Qualifiers, Certifiers and
Transmission Testers.
• Verifiers do not provide performance data.
– A report from a verifier does not guarantee a cable will pass
data.
• Certifiers and Transmission Testers measure according
to recognized standards.
– Qualifiers do not test against any performance standard.
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Examples and Comparisons of What Each Test Provides
TRANSMISSION TESTING VS
VERIFICATION
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Transmission Test Example
Copper or Fiber Cable
• Data is transmitted bi-directionally across the cable.
• The tester counts any dropped frames and compares
to the IEEE 802.3ab standard to make a Pass/Fail
determination.
• This type of test ensures that the cable actually
performs as expected.
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Transmission Test Analogy to T&M
95V
120V
• SureTEST performs a variety of tests on the circuit.
– Voltage drop, conductor impedance, THD, available short
circuit current.
• All of these tests provide much more useful
information than a simple receptacle tester provides.
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Measuring Performance
SignalTEK CT/II and SureTEST
measure the ability of a system to
deliver what the customer expects
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Verification Example
Cat 5e/6 Ethernet Cable
• Tests the continuity of each conductor from end-to-end.
• Checks for termination errors only, no data is
transmitted and no other performance information is
measured.
• Some models may also test length like VDV II Plus/Pro.
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Verifying Continuity
Verifiers do nothing more than a
continuity test which does not guarantee
the cable will support data transmission.
What good is a report from a verifier?
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SignalTEK Guarantees Performance
• The IEEE Ethernet standard has specific performance
requirements
– Like the 5% voltage drop recommended limit in the NEC*, the IEEE has a
max allowable data drop of 0.000125% for 1Gb/s Ethernet
– Both are key performance indicators of the underlying material &
workmanship quality
• Some qualifiers do ridiculous things to “prove” that data cable is
good;
– Measure “noise” with undefined P/F criteria
– Use unspecified digital signals to imply measurements performed by true
Certifiers
This is like plugging in a lamp to an electrical outlet and looking at the bulb
brightness to calculate voltage drop!
• SignalTEK is the only LAN tester that proves cabling meets the
IEEE data drop limit by measuring actual data on the cable
*Some local jurisdictions may have code requirements for voltage drop
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HOW EASY IS IT TO USE A TESTER?
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Create a New Job
Press JOBS on home screen
Highlight NEW and press
ENTER
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Create a New Job
Enter a job name. This is only
field required, other optional.
Press F2 to save the new Job
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Set OWNER Info
Escape to Home screen and
press SETUP. Enter on OWNER
This information will appear
on every report. F2 to save.
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Set Cable Type
From Home screen press
SETUP then TEST
Choose Cable Type and 568A
or 568B color code.
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Job and Name Options
Pressing JOBS lets user choose
where tests are saved.
Press NAME to enter test
name. Last digits increment.
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Run an Autotest
Press AUTOTEST to run a test
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Copy Job to USB
Insert a USB drive and press
JOBS.
Highlight Job to save and
press (F3) TO USB.
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Simplicity in Operation
• Easy to use, easy to
report
– If you can use a VDV,
you can use SignalTEK CT
• Simple configuration
• No operator error or
wasted time
• Simple Pass/Fail results
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Open Report on a PC
Insert USB into a PC and
navigate to it.
Double-click the PDF file to
open the report.
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It’s good to prove the cable works:
by a documented cable performance test
But what about the call that comes in after you’ve left
the job, saying something doesn’t work?
How do you know what’s wrong?
• Is it the cable?
• Is it a connectivity issue?
• Is it a PoE issue?
• Is it a Bandwidth issue?
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SignalTEK CT and SignalTEK II will
check the physical cable
• IEEE Ethernet
Performance Test
• Wire Map
• Advanced Fault
Finding
• Which Pin
• Which End
• Tone
• Length
• Distance to break
• Distance to short
To check more than the cable, SignalTEK II is needed
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SignalTEK II
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SignalTEK II also checks and troubleshoots the active Network
– Is the port active?
– What is the IP address?
– Is there PoE?
– Does the network have enough bandwidth?
– Do I need to test fiber or check an active fiber port?
Just by plugging SignalTEK II into a
network port,
it tells you lots of stuff.
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Remember the call we got?
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Something doesn’t work?
Is it the cable?
Is it a connectivity issue?
Is it a PoE issue?
Is it a Bandwidth issue?
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Server can’t connect to camera
 Does the drop have access to
the network?
• Assuming you’ve tested the
cabling…
Ping
Response
Ping
Request
Server
• Check network connectivity –
verify link speed and that an IP
address was obtained
• Run a ping test to the Server’s
IP address. No response means
the Server isn’t accessible.
• You can also ping the camera
itself to see if its online
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Back to our call
•
•
•
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Something doesn’t work?
Is it the cable?
Is it a connectivity issue?
Is it a PoE issue?
Is it a Bandwidth issue?
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SignalTEK II
Detecting PoE is great, but troubleshooting requires a
PoE load test
The tester acts as a PoE PD (powered device) and requests power from
the network, measuring the voltage and current provided. Compare
available power to the requirements of your devices.
Network Switch w/ PoE
Catalyst 3550
SYSTEM
RPS
STATUS
MODE
UTIL
DUPLEX
SPEED
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Final thing to check
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Something doesn’t work?
Is it the cable?
Is it a connectivity issue?
Is it a PoE issue?
Is it a Bandwidth issue?
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SignalTEK II
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Checking the active Network
Run a stress test on the network itself
Create traffic by application or amount
Run that traffic through switches
Does the network have enough bandwidth?
SignalTEK II has the unique
ability to stress test an active network
based on amount of traffic
calculated using the
“Bandwidth Calculator.”
Make sure it works while everything’s up and
running and before adding more devices:
• the network isn’t too slow
• dropping packets
• crashing.
All of which your cable gets blamed for.
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Who Tests & Why
NETWORK CABLE TESTING
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Drivers of Cable Testing
1. Good practice, company policy
2. Job requires installation documentation
– Requirements may or may not be specific
• What tests and reports are needed to fulfill contract requirements?
3. Contractor/Installation company wants protection
– Proof of proper installation for callbacks/trouble calls
– In recent focus groups we found nearly all test for this reason at a
minimum
– We also found that majority don’t understand what is being
tested. Don’t know difference between types of testers, fall for
deceptive marketing & advertising
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Jobs Requiring Documentation
What type of test and report is required to meet the
job requirements?
Job specification requires:
TIA-1152A, TIA-568-B.x, 568-C.x standards
Warranty or
NEXT, Return Loss, Insertion Loss, ACR, Alien Crosstalk, etc.
No
Yes
Contractor can use anything that generates
report.
Requires a true Certifier that performs a
complete Certification test as defined by the
TIA-1152A standard.
IDEAL Products
IDEAL LanTEK II
SignalTEK CT, SignalTEK II, LanTEK II.
Only other certifiers are the
Focus Group Video
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Network Owners & Managers
• Need to check network service
– PoE devices not powering up
– Devices cannot connect to the network
– Slow data transfers
• Troubleshooting service tickets
– Often simple cable damage or disconnected patch cord
– Network configuration problems – requires an Ethernet
diagnostic tool (NT2, ST2 or LX).
• Who does the Network Manager call if they don’t have
their own tester? The Cable Guy!
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PRODUCT RANGE AND
APPLICATIONS
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IDEAL Networks Test Range
Cable & Network Testers
LAN Installation Testers
Cable Verification
Copper Cable
Transmission
Testing
VDV
VDV II
SignalTEK CT
LAN Management Testers
Cable + Network
Transmission Testing Cable Certification
Copper/Copper+Fiber
SignalTEK II
SignalTEK II FO
LanTEK II
Network
Verification
Network
Diagnostics
NaviTEK II
LanXPLORER
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Cable Installation & Troubleshooting
Cable Installation Testing
& Troubleshooting
VDV
VDV II
SignalTEK CT
NaviTEK II
SignalTEK II FO
LanXPLORER
LanTEK II
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Length to Open
Plus
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TDR Length to Short
Pro
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Pro
FO Version
Plus & Pro
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Cable Verification
Advanced wiremap Test
Fiber Optic Ready
Performance Testing to Standards
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IEEE Cable Transmission Test
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IEEE Active LAN Transmission Test
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TIA 568-C Cable Certification
Fiber Optic Performance Test
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FO Version
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Plus & Pro
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Flash Switch Link LED (visual trace)
Pro
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Ethernet Service Detection
Pro
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PoE Detection
Pro
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Generates Test Report
Tracing & Connectivity
Tone Generator (audible trace)
Available PoE Watts
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What’s the right tester for you?
It might be a $100 wire map tester.
But if you want to do more, there are
options.
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Questions?
Come by IDEAL Booth #114
for a live demo
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Thank you!
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