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Terrestrial Biomes
Homework
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Biomes Quiz TOMORROW!!
Ecosystems and
Succession
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecology
 Scientific study that focuses on
interrelationships of organisms and their
environment
The Biosphere
 The portion of Earth that sustains life.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Levels of Organization
 The biosphere is divided into smaller levels
of organization.
Smallest/Least Complex  organism
 population
 community
 ecosystem
 biome
Largest/Most Complex
 biosphere
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
 An organism is an individual living thing.
 A population is organisms of the same
species in the same area at the same time.
 A community is a group of populations that
interact with each other.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
Biomes
 An ecosystem is all of the biotic and abiotic
factors in a given area.
 A biome is a
group of
ecosystems in
the same
region that
share similar
climates and
vegetation.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Biotic Factors
 Living factors in an organism’s environment
including plants and animals.
Abiotic Factors
 Nonliving factors in an organism’s
environment including soil and water.
Organisms adapt to survive in the abiotic
factors present in their natural environment.
Chapter 3
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Limiting Factors
 Any abiotic factor or biotic factor that restricts
the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of
organisms is called a limiting factor.
 Includes sunlight, climate, temperature,
water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, and
space, and other living things
Chapter 3
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Ecological Succession
 The change in an ecosystem that happens
when one community replaces another as a
result of changing abiotic and biotic factors.
 Two types:
primary succession
secondary succession
Chapter 3
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Primary succession
 Establishment of a community in an area of
exposed rock that does not have any topsoil.
 Pioneer species including lichens and mosses
secrete acids that turn rock into soil.
Chapter 3
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
3.1 Community Ecology
Secondary succession
 Change that occurs after a community has
been removed but the soil remains.
 Occurs after fire, flood, hurricane, etc and is
faster than primary succession.