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SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
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Description:
• Function as mediators of filtration and diffusion
• Allow for easy transmembrane movement
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Located in:
• Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and
lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity
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Unique features:
• Thin and flat
• Scale-like in appearance
• Larger elliptically-shaped nuclei
• Wider than they are tall
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
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Description:
• Provide a layer of protection from abrasion and excessive water loss
• Aid in the absorption and transportation of filtered substances
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Located in:
• Lines the surface of small excretory ducts in various organs and glands
• Compose some of the kidney tubules
• Create covering of ovary
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Unique features:
• May have microvilli on surface
• Only a single layer of cells
• Hexagonal surfaces
• Equally tall and wide
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
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Description:
• Main function is protection
• Can also be specialized to provide sensory input
• Absorbing and transporting nutrients
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Located in:
• Throughout body’s organ system
• Respiratory system
• Line ears and buccal cavity
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Unique features:
• Longer than they are wide
• Nuclei usually found at base of cell
• Cells connected by tight junctions
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
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Description:
• Provide protection against mechanical friction and chemical damage
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Located in:
• Alveoli
• Lining of the esophagus
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Unique features:
• Flat, scale-like
• Multiple layers of simple squamous epithelium
• Selectively permeable
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
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Description:
• Secretion
• Absorption
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Located in:
• Linings of the trachea
• Upper respiratory tract
• Membranous part of male vas deferens (non-ciliated)
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Unique features:
• Although it has a single layer of cells, cell nuclei makes it look stratified
• May have cilia
HEART
HEART
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Description:
• Have structural and functional characteristics of smooth and skeletal
muscle cells
• Highly coordinated to contract together with each heartbeat
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Located in:
• The heart
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Unique features:
• Rectangular shaped
• Connected by intercalated discs
• Under involuntary control
SKELETAL
SKELETAL
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Description:
• Allow muscle contraction
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Located in:
• Muscles attached to the skeleton
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Unique features:
• Striated in appearance
• Under voluntary control
• Bound together
• Formed in myogenesis
SMOOTH
SMOOTH
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Description:
• Control slow, involuntary movements like the contraction of smooth muscle
tissue in the walls of the stomach
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Located in:
• Walls of blood vessels
• Lymphatic vessels
• Bladder
• Uterus
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Unique features:
• Involuntary
• Non-striated
LOOSE CONNECTIVE
LOOSE CONNECTIVE
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Description:
• Principal site of rapid fluid and gas exchange between blood and local
tissue
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Located in:
• Beneath epithelial membranes and glandular epithelium
• Contributes to formation of organs
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Unique features:
• Consists of:
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“An abundance of amorphous ground substance”
“A loose, multidirectional weave of extracellular fibers”
“An abundance of different types of fixed and wandering connective tissue”
http://histologyolm.stevegallik.org/node/99
DENSE CONNECTIVE
DENSE CONNECTIVE
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Description:
• Forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments
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Located in:
• Arranged in sheets in Dermis
• Tendons and ligaments
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Unique features:
• Mainly composed of type I collagen
• Fibers as its main matrix element
• Fibroblasts between collagen fibers
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE
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Description:
• Important in recoil of organs (like arteries)
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Located in:
• Large arteries
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Unique features:
• Very rare
• Elastic fibers present in high concentrations
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE
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Description:
• Form stroma, which supports the lymphoid organs
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Located in:
• Kidney
• Spleen
• Lymph Nodes
• Bone Marrow
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Unique features:
• Has reticular fibers
• Fibers made of type III collagen
• Reticular fibers synthesized by reticular cells
ADIPOSE
ADIPOSE
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Description:
• Store energy as fat
• Cushions and insulates body
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Located in:
• Beneath skin
• Around internal organs
• In bone marrow
• Around muscles
• In breast tissue
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Unique features:
• Lipid droplets fill the middle of the cell
• Anchored by collagen fibers
CARTILAGE
CARTILAGE
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Description:
• Can bear weight
• Lubrication
• Repair capabilities
• Holds tubes open in the body
Located in:
• Joints between bones
• Rib cage
• Ear
• Nose
• Intervertebral discs
Unique features:
• Flexible
• Composed of chondrocytes
• Three types of cartilage—elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage
BONE
BONE
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Description:
• Makeup skeleton of vertebrates
• Develop new bones and bone remodeling
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Located in:
• Within bone tissue
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Unique features:
• Several types:
• Osteoclasts—break down bone tissue
• Osteoblasts—build new bone tissue
• Osteocytes—hold bone together
RED BLOOD AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS
RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS
RED
• Description:
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Location:
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Organism’s principal
means of delivering oxygen
to body’s tissue
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Cytoplasm rich in
hemoglobin
Flexible
Oval biconcave disks
Lack organelles
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Protect body against
infections and invaders
Location:
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Within blood
Unique Features:
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WHITE
• Description:
Throughout body
Blood and lymphatic system
Unique Features:
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Have nuclei
May or may not have
granules
Five main types
BRAIN TISSUE
BRAIN TISSUE
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Description:
• Gray matter: areas of nerve connections and processing
• White matter: connect regions of gray matter to each other and rest of the
body; transmits nerve signals faster
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Located in:
• The brain
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Unique features:
• Myelinated vs. unmyelinated neurons
NEURON
NEURON
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Description:
• Processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical
signals
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Located in:
• Core components of the brain and the spinal cord
• Ganglia of the PNS
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Unique features:
• Synapses
• Specialized types:
• Sensory neurons
• Motor neurons
• Interneurons
SPERMATOGONIUM
SPERMATOGONIUM
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Description:
• Undifferentiated male germ cell
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Located in:
• Testicles
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Unique features:
• Originates in a tubule
• Divides into two spermatocytes
DEVELOPING FOLLICLE
DEVELOPING FOLLICLE
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Description:
• Secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle
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Located in:
• Ovaries
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Unique features:
• Spheroid
• Contain a single oocyte
• Continually grow and develop until ovulation