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RISE OF
Silk Road
• The road along which western empires contacted
and traded with China
• Linked Europe and China through trade
– Silk and spices
– Allowed ideas to spread quickly
– Cultural diffusion
Rise of Islam
• Islam incorporates many Christian and Jewish
beliefs and even recognized the contributions
made by Moses, Abraham, and Jesus Christ.
Mohammad was born in the desert
community of Mecca in 570 ad. He was
constantly in contact with Monotheistic
practicing people.
• Shortly before his 40th birthday,
Mohammed had a Revelation.
This is referred to as the Night of
Power when the angel Gabriel
told Mohammad he had been
chosen to be Allah’s spoken
person.
Major denominations of Islam are:
• Shi’ites-feel that descendents of Mohammad
should run the religion and government. 15%
• Sunni’s- feel that the community should
choose the next leader. 85%
Muslims abide by the Five Pillars of
Islam.
1. Faith- there is only one God and
Mohammed is his prophet
2. Prayer- 5 times a day toward Mecca
3. Alms-Offerings to the poor (women
and children: Mohammad was an
orphan)
4. Fasting-“Ramadan” month
5. Pilgrimage –Trip to Mecca
• Politics and religion are the same to believers
of Islam. There is no separation between
church and state.
• Holy Book: Qur’an
• Chapters: 114 are called Suras
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• There is no Hierarchy in Islam. Each believer
Communes with God.
Teachings:
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No idols
No Stealing
No Lying
No Slander
No Intoxication (stay in a normal state: drugs
and alcohol)
• No Pork (includes lard and can not be cooked
in it)
Philosophy
• One God- Allah
• Belief in Angles
• Mohammad greatest prophet
• Day of Judgment- Heaven or 7
Hells
Muhammad
• ISLAM is the Religion
– MUSLIM is the followers of the Religion
• MOSQUE is a Muslim church
– IMAM is a Muslim religious leader
• Merchant from the city of Mecca
– Mecca was a city along the Silk Road
• Was upset by the morale decay of the
polytheists of Mecca
– Began to search for meaning
Prophet Muhammad
• 613 AD: Was visited by Angel Gabriel
– Spoke with god and became a Prophet
• Preached that polytheists would burn in hell
– Gained followers among poor and middle class
Exile from Mecca
• 622 AD: Muhammad and
followers fled Mecca because of
violence
– Medina became new base
• Muhammad built an army
• Used his army to attack trade
routes going to and from Mecca
– Told followers if they fight for him,
they will have eternal life after
death
Qur’an
• 629 AD: His followers began to
record Muhammad’s words
– Qur’an is the holy book of Islam
• Muhammad sent his army’s to
conquer the Pagan Tribes of
Western Arabia
– If they refused to convert to
Islam they were killed
– Massacred the Banu Qurayza
Jews
Return to Mecca
• 630 AD: Muhammad returns to conquer
Mecca
– Mecca has become the point of Pilgrimage for all
Muslims
– Any able body Muslim must visit Mecca once in
lifetime
Caliphate Established
• After the death of Muhammad, his followers
establish a Caliphate
– Caliphate: Islamic state led by supreme religious
leader
• Umayyads Caliphate- Sunnis
• Abbasids Caliphate-Sunnis
Abbasids Caliphate
• Capital in Baghdad, Iraq
• Lots of trade
• Absolute Ruler
Golden Age of Muslim
Culture
• Art
– Calligraphy: artistic writing
– Architecture: temple for god
• Algebra and geometry
– Navigational technology based on
mathematics
• Medicine
– Their religious devotion to cleanliness
allowed them to avoid much of the
plague that ravaged Christians
Seljuk Turks
• Capture Baghdad
• Converted to Islam
Battle for Spain
• Islam fought Christians for control of the Iberian
Peninsula
• Charles “the Hammer” Martel
– Battle of Tours
– Christians defeat Muslims ruining their army and
stopping the invasion
Five Pillars of Islam
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Testimony: no other gods before the one
Prayer: daily worship
Alms: giving to the poor
Fasting: during the holy month of Ramadhan not
eating from dawn til dusk
• Pilgrimage: visit Mecca