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Microbiology Course Summary
Department: Science
Semester 1
Learning Objective #1
The Value of Microbiology & History
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #1
 Target 1: Define Microbiology and other terms listed in the chart below
 Target 2: Describe the major contributions of several scientists to the conquest of diseases
(Hooke, Fracastaro, Janssen, Leeuwenhoek, Needham, Spallanzani, Jenner, Pasteur, Lister, Koch,
Reed, Erhlich, Fleming, Ruska, Salk, etc.)
 Target 3: List other areas of study in the science of Microbiology
 Target 4: Identify basic health care products used to prevent and control diseases
 Target 5: List and describe briefly: Bacteria, Viruses, Yeasts, Mold, Protozoa, Helminths
 Target 6: Describe four subsections to Microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Virology, Parasitology
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Abiogenesis
Antibodies
Aseptic
Biochemist
Contagious
Enzymes
Fermentation
Geneticist
Immunology
Labile
Microscope (parts)
Pasteurization
Post mortem
Symbiosis
Vector
Virus
Afflictions
Antigen
Attenuated
Biology
Disinfection
Epidemiology
Fungus
Germ theory
Intradermal
Microbiology
Mutagenic
Pathogen
Retrovirus
T-Lymphocyte
Virologist
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Animacules
Antiseptic
Bacteria
Botanist
Endospore
Exobiology
Gamma globulin
Immune
Koch’s Postulates
Microorganism
Parasites
Pathologist
Sepsis
Vaccine
Virulence
Learning Objective #2
Basic Chemistry and its Relationship to Microbiology
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #2
 Target 1: Explain the value of chemical formulas, giving various examples
 Target 2: Describe the difference between dilute and concentrated solutions
 Target 3: Describe the difference between an inorganic and organic compound, listing some
examples of each
 Target 4: Compare and explain the difference between Hydrolysis and Dehydration synthesis
 Target 5: Differentiate between Carboxyl and an Amino Acid group
 Target 6: Differentiate between DNA, mRNA, tRNA and rRNA molecules
 Target 7: Describe what indicators are and give several examples
 Target 8: Describe the pH scale sighting various examples
 Target 9: Explain why maintaining a proper pH is crucial to organisms
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Acid
Amino group
ATP
Carbohydrate
Coenzyme
Disaccharide
Enzyme-Substrate complex
Helix
Hydronium ion
Lustrous
Nucleic acid
Peptide bond
Protein
Solute
Solution
Unicellular
Alkali
Apoenzyme
Base
Carboxyl group
Compound
Element
Formula
Hydrocarbon
Insoluble
Molecule
Nucleotide
Polymer
Ribose
Solvent
Substrate
Unsaturated
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Amino Acid
Atom
Buffer
Chromosomes
Dehydration synthesis
Enzyme
Genes
Hydrolysis
Isomer
Multicellular
Oxidation
Polysaccharide
Saturated
Soluble
Tincture
Ionize
Learning Objective #3
The Microscope
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #3
 Target 1: Identify the parts of a microscope and describe their functions
 Target 2: Demonstrate proper usage of the microscope making appropriate measurements
 Target 3: List and describe at least five different kinds of microscopes and functionality to the study
 Target 4: Prepare and discuss the methodology for wet mount and dry mount smears.
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Binocular microscope
Darkfield microscope
Millimeter
Objective lens
Organelle
Stain
Brightfield microscope
Electron microscope
Angstrom
Ocular lens
Phase-contrast
Turret
Compound microscope
Fixation
Nanometer
Oil immersion
Resolution
Microscopy
Learning Objective #4:
Chemotherapeutic Agents
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #4
 Target 1: Identify the general characteristics and action of Antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic
agents.
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Antibiotics
Candida albicans
In Vivo
Sensitivity test
Competitive inhibition
Narrow Spectrum antibiotics
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Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
In Vitro
Antigen
Learning Objective #5
Physical and Chemical Agents of Destruction
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #5
 Target 1: Discuss the various physical means of destroying bacteria
 Target 2: Describe how bacteria are destroyed by chemicals
 Target 3: List some common antiseptic and disinfectant preparations used by health care
professionals
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Autoclave
Bacteriostatic
Filterable virus
HEPA
Laminar airflow (hood)
Na Hyperchlorite
Solute
Bactericides
Disinfectants
Germicidal
In Vitro
Lyopholization
Solution
Sterilizer (steam, ET, autoclave)
Bactericidal
Disinfection
Germicides
InVivo
Phenol
Solvent
Thermolabile
Learning Objective #6
Sanitary Measures Practiced in Health Care Facilities
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #6
 Target 1: Explain the importance of practicing sanitary measures in health care & environmental
facilities
 Target 2: Identify the sources of infections that may occur in health care facilities
 Target 3: Describe methods of controlling infection within health care facilities
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Asepsis
Epidemic
Mutate
Pandemic
Bacteremia
Epidemiologist
Nososcomial
Endemic
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Endoscope
Fomites
Opportunistic pathogen
Hygiene
Learning Objective #7:
Air, Food, Milk, Water, Soil and Sewage Control
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #7
 Target 1: List several methods for preventing the spread of airborne diseases
 Target 2: Name the most common source of contaminated milk
 Target 3: Identify several means of avoiding milk contamination
 Target 4: List several diseases typically transmitted from cows and or human contamination
 Target 5: Describe two methods of milk pasteurization
 Target 6: List several methods that foods are typically contaminated
 Target 7: Explain in detail how food poisoning may be prevented
 Target 8: Explain how non-potable water can be made safe to drink and not cause infections
 Target 9: Describe the ways in which diseases may be prevented through proper control of soil
and sewage disposal
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Clostridium botulinum
LTH method
Potable
Flash method
Petri dish
Ptomaine
HTST method
Plate counter
Learning Objective #8
Fungi
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #8
 Target 1: Explain the structure and types of yeasts
 Target 2: Identify useful and harmful activities of yeasts
 Target 3: Define mold and describe its composition
 Target 4: Explain and provide examples of how molds affect a person’s health
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Mycelium
Chlamydospores
Cryptococcus
Histoplasma
Normal flora
Penicillin
Spores
Budding
Coccidioides
Dermatophytes
Hypha
Opportunistic infection
Sacchromyces
Thrichophyton
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Candida albicans
Conidia
Dimorphism
Molds
Parasites
Sporangia
Learning Objective #9
Parasites
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #9
 Target 1: Define characteristics of parasites and the nature of their activities
 Target 2: Name and describe some diseases caused by parasites
 Target 3: Describe the way a parasite gets its nourishment for growth and development
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Amoeboid
Cestodes
Cyst
Food vacuole
Host
Endemic
Mastigophora
Pellicle
Pseudopodia
Mutualism
Trichocysts
Antibiosis
Cilia
Fission
Helminthes
Infection
Pandemic
Nematodes
Proglottids
Symbiosis
Parasitism
Arachnids
Contractile vacuole
Flagella
Hookworm
Infestation
Epidemic
Organelles
Protozoa
Commensalism
Tapeworm
Learning Objective #10
Introduction to Protists
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #10
 Target 1: Name the microorganisms that make up the Five Protist Groups
 Target 2: Suggest some beneficial uses for Algae
 Target 3: Give several examples of specific disease-causing organisms and explain why this
knowledge is necessary for proper health care.
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
AIDS
Algae
Arachnids
Actinomyces
Amoeba
Arthropods
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Aedes
Anopheles
Ascaris
Aspergillus
Candida
Clostridium
Entamobea
Fungi
Helminths
Neisseria
Paramecium
Protist
Staphylo (cocci, bacilli)
Toxoplasma
Volvox
Bacillus
Cestodes
Dermatophytes
Enterobacteriacee
Giardia
Hepatitis B (others)
Nematodes
Parasite
Protozoa
Strepto (cocci, bacilli)
Trematodes
Yeast
Bacteria
Carrier
Diatoms
Euglena
Haemophilus
Mycobateria
OSHA
Pathogenic
Saprophytes
Taenia
Typhoid fever
Semester 2
Learning Objective #1:
The Cellular Structure and Characteristics of Bacterial Microorgansims
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #1
 Target 1: Identify the structure(s) of a typical cell
 Target 2: Define the function of the organelles in a Eukaryotic cell
 Target 3: Differentiate between the cell walls of a Gram + and Gram – bacteria
 Target 4: Describe the process by which materials enter and leave a cell
 Target 5: Differentiate between capsulated and non-capsulated bacteria
 Target 6: Describe the four major groups of flagellated bacteria
 Target 7: Describe the value of sporogenesis
 Target 8: Explain the science of taxonomy and its relevance to today’s scientist
 Target 9: List several examples of genus / species names
 Target 10: List the major categories of the modern classification system
 Target 11: List the five / six / seven major groups of the Kingdom Classification system
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Absolute zero
Animalia
Autotrophic
Cell envelope
Cell wall
Chromatin
Cristae
Cytoplasm
Dormant
Active transport
ATP
Basal body
C. membrane
Centrioles
Chromosome
Cytochrome
Diffusion
Ectoplasm
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Ameboid
Autoloysis
Binomial nomenclature
Cellular respiration
Centrosome
Cilia
Cytologist
Diploid
Encapsulated
Endoplasm
Enzyme
Flagella
Golgi apparatus (body)
Hypertonic
Lipid
Meiosis
Multicellular
Osmosis
Pili
Plantae
Prokaryote
Semi-permeable membrane
Solution
Vacuole
Endoplasmic reticulum (R.E.R)
Eukaryote
Germinate
Haploid
Hypotonic
Lipoprotein
Mitosis
Nucleus
Turgor pressure
Phospholipid bilayer
Plaque
Ribosome
Solute
Spore
Virulence
Endospore
Exoenzyme
Glycocalyx
Hemolyze
Isotonic
Lysosyme
Mitochondria
Organelle
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Plasmid
Nucleolus
Solvent
Sporogenesis
Learning Objective #2
Microbiological Techniques
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #2
 Target 1: Differentiate between the Hanging Drop and Wet Mount techniques
 Target 2: Perform the technique involved in the preparation of a smear from a bacterial culture
and one from a pus culture
 Target 3: Differentiate between simple staining and differential staining techniques
 Target 4: List three examples of a simple stain and three examples of a differential stain
 Target 5: Perform Gram stain, and several other staining techniques
 Target 6: List five relative differences between Gram Negative and Gram Positive bacterial cells
 Target 7: Differentiate under a microscope the three basic shapes of bacteria
 Target 8: Know what specific disease an Acid Fast stain techniques is used for
 Target 9: Explain the value of using a negative staining technique
 Target 10: Prepare pure cultures from a mixed sample
 Target 11: Describe the basic structure of a bacterial cell
 Target 12: Name and identify at least six different types of culture media and their specific
purposes
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Brownian movement
Differential staining
Gram staining
Precipitate
Vital stain
Coagulate
Fixing
Inoculating loop
Reagent
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Counter stain
Smear Prep
Morphology
Simple staining
Learning Objective #3
Bacteria
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #3
 Target 1: List some of the major structures found in a bacterial cell
 Target 2: Explain how bacteria may be observed
 Target 3: Give specific examples of bacteria that are Non-pathogenic and Pathogenic to people
 Target 4: Identify the three basic shapes of bacteria under a microscope
 Target 5: Grow and maintain pure culture strains of bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic)
 Target 6: Perform several relative staining techniques to identify bacteria
Simple stain, Positive & Negative staining, Gram stain, Acid fast – not performed, Flagella
staining, Capsule stain, Spore stain, Flourescent stain, Wright Giemsa stain, etc.
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Anaerobe
Coccus
Coagulase
Denitrifying bacteria
Meningitis
Nososcomial
Putrefacative bacteria
Aerobe
Spirillus
Commensalism
Gastritis
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Nutrient agar
Retting
Bacillus
Carbuncles
Enteric
Impetigo
Normal flora
Nutrient broth
Pathogenic
Learning Objective #4
Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Mycoplasmas, and Viruses
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #4
 Target 1: Clarify cell structure and transmission of Rickettsias
 Target 2: Indicate the differences between Chlamydias and Viruses
 Target 3: Describe Mycoplasms
 Target 4: Explain how viral infections occur and the relational role of Interferon
 Target 5: Identify the causative agents of AIDS
 Target 6: List the symptoms of AIDS
 Target 7: Describe the modes of AIDS transmission and the various measures used to prevent its
transmission and acquisition
Timeline
1 Week
© Liberty High School 2011
Key terms to know:
AIDS
Arbovirus
Capsids
Herpesvirus group
Immunocompromised
Lymphoma
Macrophage
Papovavirus (HPV)
Saprophytes
Adenovirus
Asymptomatic infection
Autoagglutinins
HIV
Interferon
Lyse
Mycoplasma
Phage
Titer
Antibody
Bacteriophage
Fastidious
Immunosuppressed
Latent
Lysozome
Opportunistic
Picornavirus
Urethritis
Learning Objective #5
The Structure and Behavior of Bacteria
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #5
 Target 1: Describe the size, shape and structure of Gram + and Gram -, bacteria
 Target 2: Detail the potential dangers of bacteria to humans (bio-warfare included)
 Target 3: Compare and draw the basic bacterial cell : contrast G+ with G- bacteria cells
 Target 4: Use nomenclature and taxonomic means to specifically describe an organism
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Bacillus
Capsule
Diplo- (cocci / bacilli)
Saprophyte
Pili
Taxonomy
Cocci
Cell membrane
Flagella
Sarcina
Spore (Endo)
Tetrad
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Spirilli
Cell wall
Micrometer
Slime layer
Staphylo -, Strepto,
Virulence
Learning Objective #6
Favorable Environment for Bacterial Growth
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #6
 Target 1: List the conditions required by bacteria in order to grow
 Target 2: Explain the difference between aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria
 Target 3: Explain the necessity for, and methods of, controlling the growth of bacteria
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Aerobic bacteria
Microaerophilic
pH
Anaerobic bacteria
Nitrites
Toxins
Facultative bacteria
Obligate anaerobe
Fission (Binary)
Learning Objective #7
How Microorganisms Cause Infection
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #7
 Target 1: Name four ways in which microorganisms may be transmitted
 Target 2: List four sources of entry into the body
 Target 3: Identify bodily secretions and excretions that contain bacteria
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Biohazard
Droplet infection
Vectors
Anthrax
Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever
Ringworm
Carrier
Fomites
Abrasion
Plague
Rabies
Commensal
Universal precautions
Genitourinary tract
Q Fever
Malaria
Lyme Disease
Spirochete
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Learning Objective #8
Body Defenses
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #8
 Target 1: Provide a detailed explanation of the ways in which the human body protects itself from
diseases.
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Agglutinins
Antigen-antibody response
Infection
Lysosome
Leukocytes
WBC’s
Pus
Antibodies
Antitoxins
Hemolysin
Inflammation
Lockjaw
Phagocytes (tosis)
Pyogenic bacteria
Antigens
Erythrocytes
Hemolysis
Interlukin
Lyse
Opsonins
(various bacterial species)
Learning Objective #9
Immunity
Targets to Meet Objective #9
 Target 1: Explain what is meant by immunity and the different types of immunity
 Target 2: Define antigen, autoimmunity and other key terms
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Acquired immunity
Anaphylactic (anaphylaxis)
shock
Artificial acquired immunity
Immunization
Natural immunity
Thyroiditis
Active acquired immunity
Antibodies
Allergen
Antigen
Autoimmunity
Immunoglobulin
Passive acquired immunity
Toxoid
Colostrum
Natural acquired immunity
Rheumatic fever
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Learning Objective #10
Vaccine and Immune Serums
Targets to Meet Learning Objective #10
 Target 1: Provide a detailed explanation of what vaccines are and how they relate to the immune
system
 Target 2: Explain how vaccine and antibiotics are different and help protect us from diseases
Timeline
1 Week
Key terms to know:
Antibiotics
Antiserum
Vaccinia
Toxoids
Vaccines
Immune system
Variola
Jonas Salk
Attenuated
Vaccination
Edward Jenner
Louis Pasteur
Oral presentations:
1 PowerPoint Spring Semester: Microbial disease
Books to read:
1 for each semester (Summary and commentary of both books)
Spring FINAL EXAM 2nd Semester:
4-5 week Lab practical of identifying 4 –5 unknown cultures and isolating them back into pure
cultures from a mixed sample.
Lab Activities:
Labs are designed to supplement and enforce many of the topics covered in the objectives. They
mostly focus in on the bacterial side of the course as it is difficult to work with viruses, and molds due
to many allergies in the classroom. Labs are also designed to equip the students with labware
familiarity, their functions and how to utilize the available equipment to the max benefit. Throughout
the entire year, students are familiarized and utilize the equipment in preparation for the spring final
exam.
1. How small is it? – A study in microscopes
2. Who did it? – Fingerprinting
3. Murder Mystery – Who done it?
4. Flowers for Freddy – A study using a Dichotomous key
5. Caught by A Kiss – A study of Enzymes
6. A Bloody Murder – Forensic investigation
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7. Who’s Hair? Microscopic technique
8. Smear preparations
9. Aseptic techniques
10. Staining techniques – various lab throughout the year (Gram, Simple, Negative, Positive,
Motility, Wright-Giemsa, Spore, Capsule, etc.)
11. Spore Wars: Endospore staining
12. Antimicrobials disinfectants – Do they really work? Sensitivity Lab
13. Ah Beer … nectar from the Gods! A study in Fermentation
14. Say Cheese – Making Yogurt, Mozzarella, Cheddar
15. Agar, what’s that? Make and pour own Petri dish plates
16. Koch’s Postulates
17. Rancidity –Potato chip discovery in packaging
18. Antibiotics: Do they really work? Antibiotic Production lab
19. pH Tolerance of Microbes
20. Sterilization? Use of an autoclave
21. Foods and Spices as Preservative: Really? Spices and inhibitors of microbial growth
22. Food Spoilage – Using Chemical preservatives to prevent spoilage
23. Fleming – How did antibiotics really get discovered
24. What’s your Blood type?
25. UV Light – Does it really kill bacteria?
26. Mushrooms and Fungi
27. Oil Spillage – Environmental control by bacteria?
28. Glowing Bacteria? Genetically engineered lab
29. What’s that on your teeth? Dental hygiene lab
30. Oh my – what’s that liquid? Area 51 sample
31. What’s growing on your locker? Culture the school
32. Food count and Spoilage
33. Carbohydrate formation lab
34. Oxidase, Indole, Urease and Citrate testing
35. Hydrogen Sulfide production
36. Catalase, TSI, Methyl-Red, MR-VP testing
37. Osmotic pressure and Desiccation lab
38. Milk reduction and purification
39. Epidemic: Who spread the disease?
40. Bread molds and making of bread
41. Air, Food and Water purification check
42. Rapid Kit test: (Strep, HcG, H. Pylori, Influenza, Giardia, etc.) kit analysis
43. UTI: What’s that? 24 hour culture kit analysis
44. Water purification
45. Agars: What are they really telling us? (pre-test analysis)
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