Download Chapter 3 Study Guide

Chapter 3 Adaptations
Study Guide
Lesson 1 (p. 98-102) – How do the bodies of animals help them meet their needs?
Basic Needs



All living things have the same basic needs – food, water, air, and shelter
These needs are met in a variety of ways
o Food – plants can make their food but animals have to hunt or find their own food
o Water – plants get it from rain and the soil but animals drink from streams and puddles
o Air – animals that live on land get oxygen from the air, animals that live in water get
oxygen from the water
o Shelter – there are many forms of shelter: under rocks or in or under logs, underground,
coral reefs, and many more depending on the type of animal
Animals get signals from their environment and their bodies
o Hunger and thirst tell an animal to get food and water
o Rain tells animals to find shelter
Adaptations


Adaptation – a body part or a behavior that a living thing gets from its parent and that helps it
survive
o Fur color – for the snowshoe hare, the fur is brown in the summer and white in the
winter, the color change lets them hide from enemies
o Scales – fish and reptiles use scales for protection from injury and from drying out, the
color and pattern can help them hide from enemies
o Long tongues – frogs and lizards use it to catch insects
o Lions use speed, strength, long claws, and sharp teeth to catch their food
o Bird’s feet – perch on a branch, snatch food, or swim
Food is scarce in the winter – so animals will migrate to warmer climates or hibernate
o Migrating – moving from a summer home to a winter home
 Gray whales – summer in the Arctic, fall in warmer waters
o Hibernating – breathing and heart rate slows almost to a stop
 Bats, ground squirrels, and woodchucks, bears, skunks, and chipmunks
Hide and Seek


Camouflage – change of shape, color, or pattern
o Birds will blend in with their nest then they sit on their eggs
Mimicry – imitating a look of another animal
o Walking stick insects
o A moth may look like a certain butterfly
Lesson 2 (p. 106-110) – How do the behaviors of animals help them meet their needs?
Instincts

behaviors that animals begin life with that help them survive
o spiders know how to spin a web
o baby animals know how to suck to get milk
o human babies know how to cry
Hibernation

a dormant inactive state – heart beat and breathing slow down almost to a stop, body
temperature drops to just above freezing
o animals eat more food than normal to prepare
o animals find or build shelters
o animals don’t use much energy
Migration

to move from one region to another – from a summer home to a winter home
o animals regularly move as a group from one region to another and back again, usually at
certain times of the year or a season
o this is an instinctive behavior
o the migrate for better food or a warmer climate
Learned Behaviors

behaviors that the young/baby learned from a parent that helped them survive
o baby animals learn how to get food and move to protect themselves
o some animals can be trained to change a behavior – like dogs and horses
o human babies learn how to feed themselves, how to walk, and a variety of other
behaviors
Lesson 3 (p.114-118) – How do plants meet their needs?
Basic Needs


plants have the same needs as animals – BIG DIFFERNCE – plants can make their own food
plants need four (4) things from their environment: air, nutrients, water, light
o nutrients – minerals that all living things need for growth
o water – usually from rain falling onto the plant or soaked into the soil
o light – need sunlight for the process of photosynthesis
o air – plants use the carbon dioxide in the air
Making Food

Photosynthesis
o Water and carbon dioxide combine to create sugar - Sunlight provided the energy to
make this happen
o Chlorophyll – the green material in leaves – traps energy from sunlight
Adaptations

Plants have adaptations that help them survive in different climates
o Vines grow on and around object to help them grow upwards toward sunlight
o Water lilies grow in water, the stem grows tall and long so that leaves can be on the
surface to absorb and collect the energy from sunlight
o Cactus stores water in their stem for when there is little or no water in the desert and
roots collect water quickly when it does actually rain
o Cactus also have spines to protect them from animals that would eat them, the spines
can also provide shade
Plants and Animals Cooperate




Insect and birds pollinate flowers
Flowers produce seeds to make more flowering plants
Animals get food from these flowers
Acacia trees
o Ants defend the tree from other insects, mammals, and other plants
o The tree is a food source for the ants