Download A) The manorial system was established. B) A capitalist economy

1. How did the Commercial Revolution change
economic practices in Europe?
5. Which heading best fits the partial outline below?
A) The manorial system was established.
B) A capitalist economy was developed.
C) The Church became a major economic
power.
D) Colonies were granted independence.
2. During the European Middle Ages, guilds were
created to
A)
B)
C)
D)
obtain better working conditions in factories
standardize goods and prices
regulate the money supply
increase competition
3. Which revolution in Europe is most closely
associated with the rise of capitalism, the
formation of guilds, and the growth of banking
systems?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Seljuk Turks Dominate Europe
Democracy Ends in Eastern Europe
Feudalism Declines in Western Europe
Religion Becomes Powerful Force in Europe
6. Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below.
...Our foundation rests upon trade, because, as
you see, we have a large part of our capital
4. Which period in European history is most closely
invested [in it]. And therefore we shall have
associated with the emergence of trade fairs, the
little for exchange operations, and we are
founding of guilds, and the creation of the
forced to exert our ingenuity elsewhere. This,
Hanseatic League?
however, in my opinion, does not involve
A) Age of Pericles
greater risk that one incurs in exchanges
B) Commercial Revolution
today, especially when no risks at sea are run
C) Age of Reason
[That is, when shipments by sea are insured.];
D) Glorious Revolution
nor does it bring smaller profits. And [trade
operations] are more legal and more
honorable. In them we shall so govern
ourselves that every day you will have more
reason to be content; may God grant us His
grace...
A) Commercial
C) Agrarian
B) Scientific
D) Glorious
Source: Letter to the home office of the
Medici from branch office at Bruges, May
14th, 1464 (adapted)
This passage best illustrates circumstances that
characterized the
A)
B)
C)
D)
Crusades
Age of Reason
Commercial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
7. The Commercial Revolution helped lead to the
Industrial Revolution because during the
Commercial Revolution
A)
B)
C)
D)
the barter system was instituted
new forms of business were developed
socialism was introduced to Europe
subsistence agriculture was promoted
8. In Europe, joint stock companies, shareholders,
entrepreneurs, and the bourgeoisie contributed to
the
A)
B)
C)
D)
rise of capitalism
development of feudalism
decline of communism
increase in power of the guilds
9. The introduction of banking, letters of credit,
joint stock companies, and guilds contributed to
the start of the
A)
B)
C)
D)
Renaissance
Agricultural Revolution
Enlightenment
Commercial Revolution
10. Which was a result of the Commercial
Revolution?
A) decline in population growth in Europe
B) shift of power from western Europe to
eastern Europe
C) spread of feudalism throughout western
Europe
D) expansion of European influence overseas
11. In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in
trade and commerce resulted in
A) lower living standards for industrial
workers
B) decreased economic rivalry between kings
C) increased political power for the clergy
D) development of towns and cities
12. The Commercial Revolution in western Europe
led directly to the
A)
B)
C)
D)
development of a socialist economy
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
expansion of world trade
13. Which system developed as a result of the
Commercial Revolution in Europe?
A) manorialism
C) bartering
B) communism
D) market economy
14. During the Renaissance, humanist philosophers
emphasized the importance of
A)
B)
C)
D)
individualism
absolutism
religious salvation
technological advancement
15. What was one ideal of Renaissance humanism?
A) training as a knight and practicing chivalry
B) obeying divine right monarchs and the
church
C) living apart from the world and taking
monastic vows
D) investigating areas of interest and fulfilling
one’s potential
16. Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was
focused on
A)
B)
C)
D)
the affairs of the church
self-sufficiency
the importance of the individual
political theories
17. What was a major characteristic of the
Renaissance in Europe?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Secular achievements were emphasized.
Suffrage was granted to men and women.
Most literature was written in Arabic.
Most ancient Greek and Roman ideas were
rejected.
18. Which statement best expresses an idea held by
many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
A) People should study worldly subjects as
well as sacred matters.
B) Governments should establish overseas
empires.
C) Individuals should withdraw from the
world and study religion.
D) Scholars should dedicate themselves to the
study of life after death.
19. What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the
end justifies the means”?
A) Leaders may use any method to achieve
what is best for the state.
B) The general public always acts in its own
best interest.
C) Pleasing all of the people at any given time
is possible.
D) Leaders must always act for the common
good.
20. Which set of historical periods in European
history is in the correct chronological order?
A. Medieval Europe
B. Italian Renaissance
C. Golden Age of Greece
D. Enlightenment
A)
B)
C)
D)
C
A
C
B
A
B
B
A
B
D
D
C
D
C
A
D
21. A major reason that the Renaissance began in
Italy was that
A) Italian city-states had grown wealthy from
trade between Europe and Asia
B) farmers produced great agricultural
surpluses on vast plains
C) merchants supported the Green Revolution
D) many European scholars had migrated to
this area
22. The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the
economic growth of Italian city-states in the
1400s, and the development of humanism were
aspects of the
A)
B)
C)
D)
Age of Revolutions
Protestant Reformation
spread of Islam
European Renaissance
Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the
quotation below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
“With sincere heart and unpretended faith I
[reject] . . . , and detest the aforesaid errors and
heresies [of Copernicus] and also every other
error . . . contrary to the Holy Church, and I
swear that in the future I will never again say or
assert . . . anything that might cause a similar
suspicion toward me.”
— Galileo
23. The historical issue referred to in this quotation
is the conflict between
A) privileged upper classes and exploited
lower classes
B) 16th-century Protestants and Catholics
C) city-states and nation-states
D) established institutions and new ideas
24. The best explanation as to why Galileo made
this statement is that he
A) was a strong supporter of Church doctrine
B) feared that the Church might
excommunicate him
C) had lost faith in the teachings of science
D) wanted to advance his ideas through the
Church
25. One way in which the writers of the
Renaissance were influenced by the writers of
ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers
A) stressed the power of human reason
B) promoted the religious doctrines of the
Roman Catholic Church
C) showed little interest in secular affairs
D) produced few new scientific ideas
26. An important characteristic of Renaissance
humanists was their emphasis on
A) accepting ideas based on Confucian
thought
B) the teachings of the Roman Catholic
Church
C) magic and alchemy
D) classical Roman and Greek writings
27. Which historical events are in the correct
chronological order?
A) Crusades ® Renaissance ® Neolithic
Revolution ® Roman Empire
B) Roman Empire ® Neolithic Revolution ®
Crusades ® Renaissance
C) Renaissance ® Neolithic Revolution ®
Crusades ® Roman Empire
D) Neolithic Revolution ® Roman Empire ®
Crusades ® Renaissance
28. The humanists of the Renaissance differed from
the traditional medieval philosophers in the
humanists'
A) interest in the spiritual life of people
B) lack of interest in ancient Greek and
Roman culture
C) rejection of Christian principles
D) emphasis on the importance of the
individual
29. Which feature was typical of Greece during the
Golden Age and Italy during the Renaissance?
A)
B)
C)
D)
universal suffrage
racial diversity
social equality
a questioning spirit
30. In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism
was
A) a belief in the supremacy of the state in
relation to individual rights
B) a rejection of ancient civilizations and their
cultures
C) an emphasis on social control and
obedience to national rulers
D) an appreciation for the basic worth of
individual achievement
31. Which statement describes a direct effect of the
Renaissance on western Europe?
A) The philosophy of humanism brought
about a decrease in the power of the
Roman Catholic Church.
B) Art began to reflect an increased emphasis
on religious themes.
C) Nationalistic movements among the
minority ethnic groups in the region
declined.
D) The feudal system was developed to
provide stability in a decentralized political
structure.
32. The emphasis on individual uniqueness and
worth during the European Renaissance is
known as
A) isolationism
C) manorialism
B) nationalism
D) humanism
33. Which point of view best represents the
philosophy of the Renaissance?
A) The Greek and Roman civilizations are
worthy of study.
B) Class distinctions in society should be
abolished
C) Religious doctrines are the only subject of
value.
D) The glorification of human beings is sinful.
34. In the Renaissance period, which factor was
emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
A)
B)
C)
D)
superiority of medieval thought
devotion to religion
value of the individual
obedience to government officials
35. In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to
A)
B)
C)
D)
seek the approval of the people
establish and maintain power
promote openness in government
learn and follow the commandments of the
church
36. • Focus on individual achievement
• Use of classical Greek and Roman ideas
• Artistic works of Leonardo da Vinci
Which time period is most closely associated
with these characteristics?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Hellenistic Golden Age
Early fiddle Ages
European Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
37. Base your answer to this question on the passage
below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . I conclude, therefore, with regard to being
feared and loved, that men love at their own free
will, but fear at the will of the prince, and that a
wise prince must rely on what is in his power
and not on what is in the power of others, and he
must only contrive to avoid incurring hatred, as
has been explained. . .
This passage is most closely associated with the
ideas of
A)
B)
C)
D)
Pope Urban II
Niccolo Machiavelli
John Calvin
Thomas Malthus
38. Which advancement in technology
revolutionized the way ideas were spread
throughout western Europe in the 15th century?
A)
B)
C)
D)
development of the astrolabe
introduction of the telegraph
improvements to the printing press
creation of the telescope
39. Which period in European history is most
closely associated with Leonardo da Vinci,
Michaelangelo, William Shakespeare, and
Nicolaus Copernicus?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Age of Absolutism
Enlightenment
40. • Classical Greco-Roman ideas were revived.
• Wealthy patrons supported the arts and
education.
• Humanism spread throughout western
Europe.
Which period in European history is most
closely associated with these statements?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Early Middle Ages
Industrial Revolution
Renaissance
Hellenistic Period
41. One major characteristic of the Renaissance
period is that the
A) Catholic Church no longer had any
influence in Europe
B) manor became the center of economic
activity
C) classical cultures of Greece and Rome
were revived and imitated
D) major language of the people became Latin
42. Which factor best characterizes the art of both
ancient Greece and the Renaissance?
A)
B)
C)
D)
emphasis on the human form
focus on biblical themes
dominance of landscape paintings
influence of the West African tradition
43. • Leonardo DaVinci used movement and
perspective in his work.
• Machiavelli's The Prince advised rulers on
how to gain and maintain power.
• Humanist scholars examined worldly subjects
and classical culture.
Which period is associated with these
statements?
A)
B)
C)
D)
French Revolution
Renaissance
Early Middle Ages
Enlightenment
44. The Renaissance in western Europe is best
described as a period marked by
A) unquestioned reliance on the teachings of
Aristotle
B) an advance of Muslim culture
C) Christian unity throughout the region
D) great intellectual and artistic creativity
45. In which way were the developments of the
Renaissance in Italy similar to he developments
of the Tang dynasty in China?
A) The rebirth of art, technology, and learning
was a central theme in both regions.
B) Warfare and insurrection led to the
devastation of both societies.
C) Religious reform was a main focus in both
regions.
D) The peasant class was responsible for the
emergence of both eras.
46. In western Europe, a long-term effect of the
invention of Gutenberg’s printing press was that
the
A) monarchies were restored to absolute
power
B) feudal system declined
C) literacy rate increased
D) development of new ideas was discouraged
47. Niccolò Machiavelli in The Prince and Thomas
Hobbes in Leviathan both advocated that a ruler
should
A) obtain power from a social contract with
the governed
B) place the needs of subjects first
C) apply Christian teachings to all decisions
D) employ absolute power to maintain order
in the areas under their rule
48. Which statement explains why the Renaissance
began in Italy?
A) Italy was not influenced by a classical
heritage.
B) The Italian city-states were wealthy centers
of trade and manufacturing.
C) Italy was politically unified by a strong
central government.
D) The Catholic Church did not have any
influence in Italy.
49. ". . . and in the actions of men, and especially of
princes, . . . the end justifies the means."
Which philosopher most likely wrote this
statement?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Baron de Montesquieu
Niccolò Machiavelli
Voltaire
John Locke
50. Which factor was common to the societies in
ancient Athens (6th-5th centuries B.C.) and in
Renaissance Italy (A.D. 1400)?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Leaders were elected by a parliament.
Humanism was the central philosophy.
Civil liberties were given to all inhabitants.
Rich landowners had little power.
51. Which statement concerning the Renaissance in
Europe is based on opinion rather than on fact?
A) Literature began to appear in languages
other than Latin.
B) The art of the Northern Renaissance was
superior to that of the Italian Renaissance.
C) Art reflected the ideas of humanism and
individualism.
D) Art produced during the Renaissance had
religious as well as secular themes.
52. The Golden Age of Greece and the Renaissance
in Europe were both characterized mainly by
A)
B)
C)
D)
religious revival
social reform and political upheaval
economic decline
artistic and literary achievements
53. Which is a valid conclusion based on a study of
European art during the Renaissance in Europe?
A) Emphasis on artistic creativity can
discourage a society from pursuing
reforms.
B) The development of guilds prevented
artistic creativity.
C) The presence of a wealthy leisure class
contributes to artistic achievement.
D) An economy based on subsistence
agriculture encourages artistic
development.
54. Which statement best describes a characteristic
of the Renaissance in Europe?
A) The social structure became very rigid.
B) Creativity in the arts was encouraged.
C) The political structure was similar to that
of the Roman Empire.
D) Humanism decreased in importance.
55. Which was a major characteristic of the
Renaissance?
A) conformity
C) mysticism
B) humanism
D) obedience
56. Which situation contributed most to the
beginning of the Renaissance?
A) Strong rulers censored new ideas.
B) Europe became increasingly isolated from
other regions.
C) The emphasis on religious uniformity
increased.
D) A wealthy class that supported the arts
emerged.
57. One factor that enabled the Renaissance to
flourish in Northern Italy was that the region
had
A)
B)
C)
D)
a wealthy class that invested in the arts
a socialist form of government
limited contact with the Byzantine Empire
a shrinking middle class
58. Which idea about leadership would Niccolo
Machiavelli most likely support?
A) Leaders should do whatever is necessary to
achieve their goals.
B) Leaders should fight against discrimination
and intolerance.
C) Leaders should listen to the desires of the
people.
D) Elected leaders should be fair and good.
59. Galileo Galilei and Sir Issac Newton are most
closely associated with
A)
B)
C)
D)
initiating religious reforms
leading political revolutions
conducting investigative experiments
engaging in foreign conquests
60. Base your answer to the question on the
illustration below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
63. Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei
and René Descartes faced serious challenges to
their scientific theories because their ideas
A) were based on the Bible
B) contradicted traditional medieval European
beliefs
C) relied only on teachings from
non-Christian cultures
D) were not supported by scientific
investigations
64. A direct impact that the printing press had on
16th-century Europe was that it encouraged the
A)
B)
C)
D)
spread of ideas
beginnings of communism
establishment of democracy
development of industrialization
65. Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes
Kepler are all directly associated with the
Which individual supported the theory
represented in this illustration?
A) Socrates
C) Dante
B) Ptolemy
D) Galileo
61. • Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe.
• England defeated the Spanish Armada.
• William Shakespeare wrote his play Richard
Ill.
These events occurred during the reign of
A)
B)
C)
D)
Charlemagne
Elizabeth I
Peter the Great
Suleiman the Magnificent
62. • Literacy rates rise.
• Shakespeare’s sonnets circulated.
• Secular ideas spread.
Which innovation led directly to these
developments?
A) printing press
C) paper currency
B) astrolabe
D) caravel
A)
B)
C)
D)
Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
English Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
66. The heliocentric model, the development of
inductive reasoning, and the work of Descartes
are all associated with which revolution?
A) Neolithic
C) Green
B) Agricultural
D) Scientific
67. The printing press, the astrolabe, and the
Mercator projection were technological
advances that contributed to the
A) exploration and overseas expansion of the
1400s and 1500s
B) unification of Germany and Italy in the late
1800s
C) growth of industry in Latin America during
the late 1900s
D) spread of Islam in the 700s and 800s
68. Which statement best describes the effects of
the
works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei,
Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?
A) The acceptance of traditional authority was
strengthened.
B) The scientific method was used to solve
problems.
C) Funding to education was increased by the
English government.
D) Interest in Greek and Roman drama was
renewed.
69. Which societal condition was basic to the
development of Greek philosophy and
Renaissance art?
A)
B)
C)
D)
rigid social classes
emphasis on individualism
religious uniformity
mass education
70. Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton
promoted the idea that knowledge should be
based on
A)
B)
C)
D)
the experiences of past civilizations
experimentation and observation
emotions and feelings
the teachings of the Catholic Church
71. The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation
were similar in that both were
A)
B)
C)
D)
stimulated by a spirit of inquiry
supported by the working class
limited to Italy, France, and Germany
encouraged by the successes of the French
Revolution
72. European society during the Renaissance
differed from European society during the
Middle Ages in that during the Renaissance
A)
B)
C)
D)
the Church was no longer influential
the emphasis on individual worth increased
economic activity declined
art no longer contained religious themes