Download Powerpoint Events Leading to the Civil War

Events Leading to
the Civil War
The Nation
Breaking Apart
Growing Tensions Between
North and South
Pg. 441 - 445
Cartoons from Adventure Tales of America
Controversy
Between 1803 (Louisiana Purchase) and 1850
(Mexican Cession) the U.S. gained an enormous
amount of land. We needed to decide if the
states made from that land would be slave or
free. Up till then we had maintained a balance
between slave and free states. The expansion
of slavery into those territories was causing
a lot of concern. How were we going to keep
the balance between slave and free states?
What method would we use?
1
Two Major Issues That Divided the
North and the South
a. States Rights
2
South= For States’ Rights (States decide
what they are going to do)
North= Against States’ Rights (National
government decides what the Nation will
do)
b. Spread of Slavery in the West
South=Let territories decide
(hoping they’d choose to be
slave holding)
North=Slavery can not spread
to the new territories!
Economic Differences Between the
North and the South
South=Plantation system developed because of mild 3
climate and land that supported Cash Crops. This led to
an 4 Agricultural Economy that relied on Slave labor.
The South developed into 5 large Plantation farming. The
invention of the Cotton Gin meant the South needed a
6 large, cheap labor supply. The Southern dependence
on cotton meant that more slaves would be needed. In the
West, they primarily had 7 small farms that didn’t require
a lot of slave labor.
North=Poor soil and short growing
seasons made Cash Crops unproductive.
The North developed an 9 Industrial
Economy. The Northern economy relied on
Wage Labor (Paid Workers). Slavery had
disappeared in the North because
10 it didn’t fit their economy.
8
Slave Labor
Wage Labor
Which side was in a
better shape to fight a
war?
North?
South?
North! Industrial!
Even though the North
didn’t have slavery…
Free Blacks in the North did have more advantages than
slaves in the South. They could quit a job they didn’t like and
find another. They worked for wages. And they could move
when and where they wanted. However, they also faced racism
and discrimination. They weren’t paid as well as a white
worker doing the same job. The job they wanted might go to a
white worker first. When traveling, they had to be careful
they weren’t picked up for being a runaway slave. They
couldn’t vote or run for government office. They 11 had more
rights than slaves but they didn’t have all the rights of
American citizenship.
Wilmot Proviso - 1846
Wanted to ban slavery in the Mexican
Cession territory out West, excluding
Texas. Texas already had slavery so they
weren’t going to mess with Texas.
Congress refused to pass the Proviso.
Debate over the Proviso set up a four year
battle over slavery.
Proviso didn’t pass, led to the creation of
the Free-Soil Party. Was the first
political party dedicated to stopping the
expansion of slavery.
Compromise of 1850
From 1846-1850 Congress argued about what to do with all the
new territory we had gotten from Mexico. Among the things
that were causing the conflict & making it necessary to make
another compromise were:
12
a. Admission of CA as a free state
b. Slaves being sold in DC (Near our Capital representing
Freedom!)
c. Utah & New Mexico being admitted as slave states
d. Fugitive Slave Laws during this time
Men like 13 John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun and Daniel
Webster began looking for things the North and South would
agree to compromise on so that we could keep Americans from
going to war for awhile longer.
16
Compromise of 1850
( ^^^ this is #16 ^^^ )
The only way to keep the peace, as
they saw it, was to 14 keep the
balance between slave and free
states in Congress. This meant we
had to have a free and a slave
state become part of America at
the same time. We needed help.
15 Henry Clay was asked to
perform another miracle.
Remember: He had come up with the
Missouri Compromise of 1820 which
kept the peace for almost 30 years.
Terms of the Compromise of 1850
=Side that liked
this provision
17a
N
S
17a
Popular
Sovereignty
N
Fugitive Slave Law was really bad.
Slave catchers could come into
Northern states and take AA’s back
as runaway slaves! Northerners tried
to warn blacks to hide when catchers
were in town.
17b
17b
S
The Fugitive Slave Act-1850
( ^^^ add this name in the margin beside #18 ^^^ )
Law passed in 18 1850 to help slaveholders
recapture runaway slaves.
People accused of being a fugitive could be held
without an arrest warrant.
No right to trial by jury
Instead a federal commissioner ruled on each case.
Received 5 dollars for releasing the defendant.
Received 10 dollars for returning the slave.
“Run, Forrest,
run!”
Result?
That’s why I
spent so much
time writing
those
Compromises!
The Compromise of 1850
failed to hold the Union
together and angered
Northerners. However, the
compromises were important
because they managed to
keep both sides satisfied &
prevented a permanent split
before the Civil War.
19
The Crisis
Deepens
Pg. 446 - 449
Nullification
People in the North were so outraged at being forced to act as
slave catchers that they began to talk again about
Nullification. This is where 20 a state can refuse to follow
a law of Congress within their state boundaries. In 1851, 26
people in Syracuse, New York were arrested, charged and
tried for freeing a runaway slave named Jerry who had been
arrested under the Fugitive Slave Act. Among the 26 people
tried was a U.S. Senator and the former Governor of New
York! “Jerry” was hidden in Syracuse for several days until he
could safely escape into Canada. The government of Wisconsin
went even further and in 1854 officially declared the Fugitive
Slave Act to be unconstitutional.
One Freedman’s Story
Joshua Glover was a slave in Missouri who managed to escape
from his master. In 1854, with the help of the Underground
Railroad, he made his way north, all the way to Wisconsin.
There he found work at a mill in Racine, a community in which
anti-slavery sentiment ran high. His former master eventually
managed to find out where Glover had taken up residence.
Accompanied by two US Marshals, the three of them took
Glover by surprise. Thrown into a wagon, he was transported
to Milwaukee, where he was thrown in jail. Glover’s abduction
was discovered and in no time one hundred or so men landed by
boat in Milwaukee.
The men marched towards the courthouse and crowds of
people began to join their ranks or follow along as spectators.
They broke down the doors of the jail and freed Joshua
Glover.
The Racine County Sheriff arrested Glover’s former slave
master and the two US Marshals who had kidnapped him. They
were charged with assault and put jail. In the meantime, the
Underground Railroad assisted Joshua Glover as he crossed
the border into Canada.
The United States Supreme court eventually reversed the
action of the Wisconsin’s courts. Booth and one other man
accused of helping to liberate Joshua Glover were found
guilty. Both spent months in jail in addition to having to pay
stiff fines. This was the price that was paid for Joshua
Glover’s freedom.
Rather than being deterred, however, Wisconsin, along with
several other states, such as Connecticut (1854), Rhode Island
(1854), Massachusetts (1855), Michigan (1855), Maine (1855
and 1857), and Kansas (1858) all went on to pass even more
personal liberty legislation designed to neutralize federal
enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
The Untold Story of Nullification: Resisting Slavery by Derek Sheriff
21
Uncle Tom’s Cabin - 1852
Harriet Beecher Stowe–Story calling for an
end to
slavery. North decided: Slavery is
horrible, cruel and unacceptable. South felt
like it was: Yankee Abolitionist
Propaganda=North was lying about slavery
22
23
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Law passed to try to solve the problem of slavery in the
Western territory. Political result of K-N Act was that
24
people in the territories could decide for themselves
(popular sovereignty) whether their state would allow slavery.
Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery 25 people began flooding into
Kansas and Nebraska so they could force the state to become
what they wanted it to be.
Bleeding Kansas”-1854-1857
Allowing Popular Sovereignty
(the right to vote) in Kansas &
Nebraska led to people rushing
into those areas to get the vote
to go their way. This caused a
26
small scale civil war in Kansas
which lasted for 4 months and
caused 200 deaths.
27
“Bleeding Kansas” became the
rallying cry for the anti-slavery
Northerners and the new
political party called the
Republicans.
Violence in Congress
Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivered
a speech attacking the proslavery forces in Kansas.
In his speech he picked on A.P. Butler.
Preston Brooks, a relative of Butler, heard about
Sumner’s speech and attacked him at his desk.
He hit Sumner 30 times or more, breaking his cane
in the assault.
This act became known as “Bleeding Sumner”
“Bleeding Sumner” became another rallying cry for
the anti-slavery Northerners and the new political
party.
Tensions in Congress over slavery sometimes
turned violent.
Free and Slave
States/Territories, 1820–1854
Slavery
Dominates
Politics
Pg. 450 - 454
Birth of the Republican
Party
Formed in 1856
Created by
Northerners committed
to stop expansion of
slavery into the
territories.
Abraham Lincoln
In 1856, Abraham
Lincoln joined the
Republican party.
The Case of Dred Scott-1857
Dred Scott was a slave
that sued for his freedom
after briefly living with his
owner on free soil in the
North. Supreme Court said:
29
African Americans were
not citizens and could not
sue. Slaves were
property.
This judgment 30 increased
the tension between the
Northern and Southern
states.
28
An Historic Match-Up
Vs.
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Arnold Douglas
Lincoln - Douglas Debates1858
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglass
were running for Senator of Illinois in 1858.
They met for a series of debates in
1858
called the Lincoln-Douglass Debates in seven
cities, in front of crowds of 12,000. Lincoln’s
position was antislavery. He said
Slavery
was wrong but still legal and it should not be
expanded. Protected by the Constitution.
Slavery could not be abolished were it existed.
Douglass won the election, but Lincoln
became nationally famous.
31
32
33
34
35
Why would Lincoln
say that?
Raid on Harper’s Ferry36
1859
37
Abolitionist
John Brown and his followers
seized the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia. Killed 4 people in the action.
38 Plan=stir up a slave revolt in Virginia
and end slavery. It didn’t work, the slaves
did not revolt.
John Brown was captured, tried, found
guilty of murder and executed along with 10
other men
39
Brown became a martyr (hero) in the cause
against slavery
John Brown’s Body-Popular song
sung by Northern Troops
Old John Brown’s body lies moldering in the grave,
While weep the sons of bondage whom he ventured all to save;
But tho he lost his life while struggling for the slave,
His soul is marching on
John Brown was John the Baptist of the Christ we are to see,
Christ who of the bondmen shall the Liberator be,
And soon thruout the Sunny South the slaves shall all be free,
For his soul is marching on.
Ye soldiers of Freedom, then strike, while strike ye may,
The death blow of oppression in a better time and way,
For the dawn of old John Brown has brightened into day,
And his soul is marching on
Pop Quiz….Which song replaced the “John Brown’s Body” lyrics and
became the new most popular song for Union troops?
LincoLn’s ELEction
and Southern
Secession
Pg. 455 - 459
The Democratic Party Splits!!!
The Election of 1860
Electoral Breakdown
40
The voters in 1860 voted 41 mostly based on which
section of the country they lived in. Lincoln repeatedly said
he didn’t think the National Government could abolish slavery.
He just 42 promised to keep slavery from spreading into the
new territories. Those in the North voted for Lincoln, the
South voted for Breckinridge and the middle states split
between Bell and Douglas. Due to the size of the population in
the North and this split, Lincoln won the election.
Result?
Many Southerners had warned that if Lincoln won,
the Southern states would 43 secede, (withdraw
from the Union)
They argued that the states had voluntarily joined
the Union. Consequently, they claimed that the
states also had the right to leave the Union.
They claimed these reasons for leaving the Union:
44
a) Disagreements over states’ rights issues
b) Breakdown of compromises
c) Increasing Sectionalism and finally…
d) The Election of 1860
Sectionalism 1840-1860
NORTH
1. ________________
________________
2. ________________
________________
3.________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
SOUTH
WEST
1.___________________
1.____________________
2. ___________________
2.___________________
____________________
3.___________________
3.____________________
4.___________________
4.____________________
5.____________________
Sectionalism 1840-1860
1. Free Labor
( Paid workers)
2. Poor Soil (short
growing season)
3.IndustrialEconomy
4. Strong Federal
Government
5. High Tariffs
1. Slavery & Free labor
1.Influenced migration
2. Fertile soil
3. Gold Rush of 1849
4. Unsettled territories
2. Fertile soil
(Long growing season)
3. Agricultural economy
4. States Rights
5. Low Tariffs
Compromise of 1850
Laws meant to settle problem of
slavery; California became free
state, new fugitive slave law
passed; caused conflict by
failing to resolve slavery issue
Wilmot Proviso (1846)
Bill to outlaw slavery in
territories taken from Mexico;
caused conflict in Congress
between Northerners and
Southerners
Kansas–Nebraska Act (1854)
Law to organize Kansas and
Nebraska territories;
overturned Missouri
Compromise; caused
violence in Kansas
Efforts to
avoid
Secession
Election of 1860
Lincoln elected with support
only in free states; caused
states in Deep South to decide
to secede
Southern States Secede
South Carolina leads the way.
45
Confederate States of
America
The states that seceded met in Montgomery, Alabama. They
formed the Confederate States of America.
The Convention named 46 Jefferson Davis president of
the Confederacy.
They also drew up a Confederate Constitution that:
- Was modeled after the U.S. Constitution
- Had a few important differences
47 - Supported States Rights and protected
slavery in the Confederacy and any land it would
acquire.
Another Historic MatchUp
Vs.
War is on the horizon
The American
Civil War
1861-1865
48
Fort Sumter- April 12, 1861
Lincoln notified Jefferson Davis (President of the
Confederate States of America) that he was sending supplies
to the fort. South opened fire on April 12, 1861 and the
Union forces, being under-supplied, had to surrender. Result?
War had begun!
49
Choosing Sides
Border States were very important
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri
(why didn’t we mention West Virginia?)
These were all slave states bordering free
states
Keeping Maryland was very important or
D.C. would be cut off
24 States in the Union
11 States in the Confederacy
50
Virginia split into two states when the southern half (Virginia)
decided to secede. Those in the northern part (West Virginia)
wanted to remain with the Union.