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#11: Manifest Destiny
1. The staunch states' rights advocate who became President when William Henry Harrison died was
A) Martin Van Buren.
B) James K. Polk.
C) Zachary Taylor.
D) John Tyler.
2. President Tyler's entire cabinet, except Daniel Webster, resigned when Tyler opposed Henry Clay's
plans and
A) signed the bill creating a new National Bank.
B) called for the annexation of Texas.
C) vetoed the new National Bank.
D) supported a large tariff increase.
3. The peace treaty of 1783 with England granted the United States all the land
A) within the Northwest Territory.
B) of the Oregon Territory.
C) on the eastern bank of the St. Lawrence River.
D) drained by rivers flowing into the Atlantic.
4. In the controversy leading to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, England's main goal was to
A) acquire the timber.
B) control the fishing rights.
C) build a military road.
D) establish a secure Canadian border.
5. The ________ Treaty settled the disputed boundary between Maine and New Brunswick and
demonstrated the growing Anglo-American economic dependence.
A) Transcontinental
B) Clayton-Bulwer
C) Webster-Ashburton
D) Gadsden
6. Before Texas gained its independence in 1836, a major conflict between American settlers in Texas
and the Mexican government arose concerning
A) Mexico's abolition of slavery.
B) Mexico's attempt to require Americans to speak Spanish.
C) the effect of the Missouri Compromise on Mexico.
D) the weakness of the Mexican central government.
7. The leader of the Texas independence movement and first president of the Republic of Texas was
A) Stephen F. Austin.
B) William B. Travis.
C) David Crockett.
D) Samuel Houston.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
8. In the battle over the independence of Texas, the slaughters at Goliad and ________, a former mission,
made peaceful settlement of the dispute with Mexico almost impossible.
A) the Alamo
B) the Citadel
C) Corpus Christi
D) Santa Fe
9. Sam Houston famously screamed "Remember the Alamo!" at
A) Goliad during a decisive American defeat over the Mexicans.
B) Mexico City during diplomatic talks with the Mexicans.
C) President Jackson's signing of the annexation of Texas.
D) the Texas's army routing of the Mexican army at the San Jacinto River.
10. Both Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren
A) refused to recognize Texas.
B) attempted to annex Texas.
C) were unwilling to annex Texas.
D) warned Mexico to leave Texas alone.
11. Manifest Destiny might best be described as the belief that Americans were
A) God's chosen people.
B) a melting pot of immigrants.
C) obligated to educate the Native Americans.
D) destined to abolish slavery.
12. Stating that nothing must interfere with the ability of Americans "to overspread the continent allotted
by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions," New York journalist John L.
O'Sullivan was describing the concept of
A) economic determinism.
B) transcendentalism.
C) manifest destiny.
D) progressivism.
13. One significant aspect of life on the westward trail in the 1840s was that it
A) was actually safer for children than remaining at home.
B) was easier for women than for men.
C) strongly reinforced the family pattern of "separate spheres."
D) was especially taxing for women.
14. In 1840, California could be most accurately described as
A) unmistakably Mexican, with only a handful of white American settlers.
B) still almost entirely controlled and owned by a series of Catholic missions.
C) one of the few areas where the Native Americans were guaranteed the same civil rights as whites.
D) dominated by white Americans with only a handful of Mexican settlers.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
15. "Oregon fever" referred to
A) a common malady of the nineteenth century.
B) a deep-seated hate for the Native Americans.
C) the desire to go to Oregon.
D) Christian attempts to convert the Native Americans.
16. According to the map "Trails West," the Oregon Trail
A) crossed New Mexico Territory before heading north.
B) ran along the border between the United States and Canada for much of its route.
C) followed a route similar to the Mormon Trail part of the way.
D) ran perpendicular to the Old Spanish Trail.
17. James K. Polk might best be described as a(n)
A) promoter of high tariffs.
B) national bank supporter.
C) good Jacksonian.
D) opponent of expansion.
18. When the Whigs nominated Henry Clay for the presidency in 1844, their platform
A) came out strongly for the annexation of Texas.
B) ignored the question of Texas.
C) supported the acquisition of Oregon.
D) condemned all expansion.
19. Upon sensing the expansionist sentiment of voters in the election of 1844, Henry Clay
A) stuck firmly to his opposition to the annexation of Texas.
B) backed off his firm opposition to the annexation of Texas.
C) won the election because of his unyielding support of Manifest Destiny.
D) pushed through a joint resolution making Texas a state.
20. In accordance with the joint resolution that annexed Texas,
A) Texas became an independent territory.
B) up to four new states could be created from its territory.
C) the territory of Texas was required to remain consolidated.
D) Texas had to wait ten years until it could be granted full statehood.
21. American settlement in the Oregon Country was centered in the
A) Columbia River Valley.
B) Willamette Valley.
C) Palouse region.
D) Cascade Mountains.
22. In 1846 the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon Country along the 49th parallel with
A) Great Britain.
B) Russia.
C) France.
D) Canada.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
23. The reason the final Oregon Treaty between the United States and England was popular is that
A) America got all it demanded.
B) the war with Mexico had begun.
C) the Democrats saw a chance to get even with the Whigs.
D) slavery was forbidden in the area.
24. Mexico's main grievance against the United States was based upon the
A) large debts the United States owed Mexico.
B) invasion of California by Fremont.
C) intrigues of John Slidell.
D) annexation of Texas.
25. What happened in the Mexican War?
A) The President led the nation into war without a formal declaration of war from Congress.
B) American armed forces fought only inside the boundaries of the continental United States.
C) Although the Mexican army was larger, better equipped, and well-led, American forces easily
conquered Mexico.
D) General Winfield Scott led a disastrous and poorly planned campaign against Mexico City.
26. "War exists." Polk said this to
A) the Mexican diplomatic mission.
B) General Mariano Paredes, the Mexican head of state.
C) Thomas Slidell when authorizing further use of American armed forces.
D) Congress when seeking a declaration of war.
27. President Polk's plans to defeat Mexico included
A) driving Santa Anna from power.
B) invading Texas.
C) establishing a naval blockade of Mexican ports.
D) taking possession of California and New Mexico.
28. During the Mexican War, what happened in the Southwest?
A) American settlers seized Sonoma and established the Republic of California.
B General Stephen Kearny's cavalry expedition from Fort Leavenworth was defeated and captured at the
Battle of Santa Fe.
C) A virtual civil war broke out between settlers favoring the United States and those supporting Mexico.
D) The Mexican army easily defeated the initial efforts of a ragtag army of American settlers to create an
independent California.
29. The campaign against Mexico City was commanded by General
A) Zachary Taylor.
B) Stephen Kearny.
C) Winfield Scott.
D) William Westmoreland.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
30. _____ was the chief clerk of the State Department who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
against the orders of President Polk.
A) George M. Dallas
B) James G. Birney
C) Abel P. Upshur
D) Nicholas P. Trist
31. The Mexican War was ended by the
A) Gadsden Purchase.
B) Compromise of 1850.
C) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
D) Wilmot Proviso.
32. Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States
A) promised to respect Mexican sovereignty in the future.
B) gained Texas and Oklahoma.
C) agreed to continue Mexico's prohibition of slavery in the Southwest.
D) gained New Mexico and Upper California.
33. For many Americans, the ultimate justification of Manifest Destiny and the Mexican War seemed to
be the
A) prohibition on slavery in the territory gained from Mexico.
B) recognition by Europeans that America had become an imperial power.
C) discovery of gold in California in 1848.
D) guarantee of a transcontinental railroad route through the territory conquered from Mexico.
34. Slavery erupted as a divisive issue after the Mexican War over the question of
A) restricting the domestic slave trade.
B) continuing slave auctions in Washington, DC.
C) renewing the importation of slaves.
D) allowing slavery in the territory conquered from Mexico.
35. The attempt to prohibit slavery from the territory gained by the Mexican War was identified with
A) Henry Clay.
B) Zachary Taylor.
C) Lewis Cass.
D) David Wilmot.
36. "As an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of
Mexico…neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory." This is
from the
A) Compromise of 1850.
B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty.
C) Wilmot Proviso.
D) Tallmadge Amendment.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
37. The original advocate of organizing new territories on the basis of "squatter sovereignty" was
A) Daniel Webster.
B) Lewis Cass.
C) David Wilmot.
D) Zachary Taylor.
38. Zachary Taylor was chosen to run for President by the Whigs in 1848 because of his
A) opposition to slavery.
B) extensive legislative experience.
C) proven ability to campaign.
D) military career.
39. In the election of 1848, supporters of Martin Van Buren who opposed Lewis Cass were nicknamed
A) Stormchasers.
B) Locofocos.
C) Railsplitters.
D) Barnburners.
40. In 1849 approximately 80,000 Americans migrated to California because of the
A) completion of the Santa Fe Trail.
B) start of the gold rush.
C) end of the Mexican War.
D) severe unemployment in the East.
41. California's state constitution of 1849 banned slavery for primarily ________ reasons.
A) economic
B) moral
C) religious
D) political
42. California's possible admission as a free state caused such a furor because it
A) forced slavery to be barred in all territories.
B) violated the Missouri Compromise.
C) rejected the idea of "popular sovereignty."
D) broke the balance of power in the Senate between slave and free states.
43. The senator who initially organized the legislative program that became the Compromise of 1850 was
A) David Wilmot.
B) Daniel Webster.
C) Henry Clay.
D) John C. Calhoun.
44. In the debates over the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's most famous argument was that
A) because God's "higher law" prohibited any cooperation with the evils of slavery, the North should
refuse to compromise.
B) the North should yield completely on every point, ceasing even to discuss slavery.
C) fugitive slaves who escaped to the North should be guaranteed their freedom.
D) slavery did not need to be prohibited by a Wilmot Proviso because the facts of geography and climate
prevented its establishment in the Southwest.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
45. "You have got what is worth more than a thousand Wilmot Provisos…You have nature on your side."
This statement is a defense of the Compromise of 1850 by
A) Daniel Webster.
B) Henry Clay.
C) Millard Fillmore.
D) Zachary Taylor.
46. When Zachary Taylor died, the politician who became President and was instrumental in achieving
the Compromise of 1850 was
A) Millard Fillmore.
B) Franklin Pierce.
C) James Buchanan.
D) John Tyler.
47. The most controversial portion of the Compromise of 1850 was
A) adjustment of the Fugitive Slave Law.
B) shifting some Texas land to the New Mexico Territory.
C) abolition of the slave trade throughout the District of Columbia.
D) establishing statehood.
48. The part of the Compromise of 1850 which seems to indicate unscrupulous activities was
A) admitting California as a free state.
B) taking over the debts of Texas.
C) strengthening the Fugitive Slave Law.
D) abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia.
49. The Compromise of 1850 included admitting ________ as a free state.
A) Maine
B) New Mexico
C) Texas
D) California
50. What was the public reaction to the Compromise of 1850?
A) Violent antislavery riots condemned it in the North.
B) Abolitionists were quite pleased with its steps towards gradual emancipation.
C) Mass meetings throughout the country were held to support it.
D) Defenders of slavery praised it for preserving the balance between free and slave states in the Senate.
This material is intended solely for educational purpose in conjunction with The American Nation: A History of the United States by Mark C. Carnes and
John A. Garraty. It is for private use only and may not be disseminated, duplicated, sold, or marketed in any manner. Individuals are limited to one copy
to be used exclusively as a classroom academic device and which must be submitted to the course instructor within one week of printing. Any other use
is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.