Download Study Guide Week 8-Nov 17th

OCEAN 80A STUDY GUIDE - WEEK EIGHT
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2008 – FISH & SEABIRDS
1. Define the following terms:
bony fish
cartilaginous fish
viviparous
anadromous
sea bird
gular pouch
oviparous
ovoviviparous
catadromous
extra-renal salt gland
kleptoparasitism
2. What advantages does an entirely cartilaginous skeleton confer to a fish, compared to a
skeleton that is primarily bone?
3. What group of fishes has Ampullae of Lorenzini? What does the fish do with these
structures?
4. What is the evolutionary significance of the coelacanth?
5. What is an anadromous fish? Why are they important to humans?
6. How does a swim bladder help fish living in the ocean? Which group has swim bladders?
7. Why is it so difficult for sea birds to make a living using the sea? Name four physical
challenges to making your living from the sea? How have sea birds adapted to these
challenges?
8. How have marine birds adapted to the cold water of the ocean? Why do most of them not
have blubber like marine mammals?
9. Most birds have hollow bones. Why are hollow bones advantageous for these birds? Which
seabirds have solid bones? Why do these particular birds get away with having solid bones?
10. Besides the brown pelican, name some birds that are found in the same family as pelicans?
Brown pelicans are plunge divers what is unique about their respiratory system (i.e. nostrils)?
11. The tubenoses included the Albatross and other long distance flying birds. What is special
about these bird’s wings that allow them to fly such long distances?
12. Are penguins found in the Arctic? If not where are they found? What do they eat?
13. What is Kleptoparasitism and what bird practices it?
14. What human activities can harm marine birds?
WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 19, 2008 –FISHERIES I
1. Define the following terms:
trawling
aquaculture
long-line fishing
by-catch
purse seine
gill nets
2. Are short-food chains or long-food chains more productive? Why?
3. Do humans catch more fish in upwelling regions or oceanic regions? Why are upwelling
regions so much more productive?
4. What human fishing methods are detrimental to marine mammals, sea birds and/or sea
turtles? Are there any human fishing methods that have little to no by-catch?
5. What type of animals/organisms are farmed in aquaculture ponds/farms?
6. Fish are used for human consumption and in industrial use (reduction fishery). Name three
ways fish are used for industrial use. What percentage of the annual catch is used for industrial
use?
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 2008 – FISHERIES II & DEEP SEA I
1. Define the following terms:
overfishing
epipelagic
artisanal fisheries
mesopelagic
reduction fishery
bathypelagic
eutrophication
2. Has the increase in the current fish catch come mostly from wild caught fish or aquaculture?
3. What type of fish (species of fish) are the most abundant in the world fish catch? Which
country catches the most first per year? How much of the wild caught fish stocks are fully
exploited or over-exploited?
4. Name two environmental/economic issues with current human fishing practices?
5. Name three ways that aquaculture damages the ocean environment?
6. What is the “tragedy of the commons?” Why has this occurred?
7. Name some ways that damaging estuaries or coastal environments affects fisheries.
8. What are the average temperature, depth and pressure of the oceans? What is the light
level in the ocean below 1000m? Is there more or less oxygen in deep sea waters?
9. Where does the oxygen-rich water found in the deep sea originate?
10. What is the depth range of the epipelagic zone? What takes place in the epipelagic zone?
Does the epipelagic zone change with the seasons?
11. What is the depth range of the mesopelagic zone? What type of light penetrates this zone?
What takes place in this zone?
12. What is the depth range of bathypelagic zone? Does this zone change with the seasons?