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GHS Integrated Science Curriculum Space Unit ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: 1. Why is Earth suitable for life? STUDENTS WILL KNOW: STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: a. The Arrhenius acid-base theory. 1. Explain the chemical composition of acids and bases. b. Scientists use a variety of instruments to measure pH. 2. Explain the change of pH in neutralization reactions. c. The reaction that describes the formation of acid rain. 3. Identify neutralization reactions. d. Earth’s atmosphere acts as a thermal blanket, supports a water cycle, is a source of nitrogen and carbon, distributes heat from warm to cool regions, and shields a surface from harmful radiation. e. Chemical and physical processes exist, which cause carbon to cycle through the major earth reservoirs. f. Greenhouse gases absorb, store, and re-radiate energy from the sun. 4. Explain how the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere can form acid rain, and how acid rain affects water sources, organisms, and human-made structures. 5. Explain and illustrate the major characteristics of Earth that enable it to sustain life. 6. Diagram the relationships between the living and the non-living factors in the biogeochemical cycles. 7. Identify general challenges of space colonization. 8. Appreciate the vastness and complexity of the universe. 9. Evaluate the habitability of planets and moons g. The accumulation of CO2 in beyond Earth in terms of temperature, water, the atmosphere increases Earth’s atmosphere, nutrients, and energy (TWANE). greenhouse effect and causes climate change. 10. Calculate the probability of life beyond Earth applying the Drake equation. h. The presence and composition of a planet or moon’s atmosphere can make them warmer or colder then their expected temperature. i. The environmental conditions of space provide significant threats to the health and wellbeing of exposed organisms. k. How the light-year is used in measurement of space-time. l. Humans and Earth are a small piece of an enormous and diverse cosmic system. No one knows if the universe is infinitely large, or even if ours is the only universe that exists. m. Earth is one planet of a single star in a galaxy of hundreds of billions of stars. n. Biogeochemical cycles contain both living and nonliving factors, some of which can theoretically be emulated in a biosphere. Unit Vocabulary 1. Acid 9. Carbon Cycle 2. Base 10. Nitrogen Cycle 3. pH 11. Reservoirs 4. Neutralization 12. Abiotic 5. Litmus Paper 13. Biotic 6. Acid rain 14. Greenhouse Gases 7. Biogeochemical Cycles 15. Greenhouse Effect 8. Water Cycle 16. Global Climate Change TWANE 1. Identify the following as acids or bases. a. HF _________________ d. HCH3COO _________________ b. Ca(OH)2 _________________ e. LiOH _________________ c. H2SO4 _________________ f. H2O _________________ 2. Bases contain more ______________ ions while acids contain more ______________ ions. 3. On the pH scale below, label where it’s acidic, basic, and neutral. 4. List a common example of something that is… a. Acidic: _________________________________________ b. Basic: _________________________________________ c. Neutral: _________________________________________ 5. What happens when you mix an acid and a base? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is the chemical equation for a neutralization reaction? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is acid rain and how does it affect our environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Draw the carbon cycle. a) How does carbon enter a deer’s body? b) Identify two ways this element can leave the deer’s body. c) How have humans altered the cycling of carbon? 9. Draw the water cycle. 10. Draw the nitrogen cycle. a) Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of which organic compounds? b) Explain how atmospheric nitrogen makes its way into a mammal. Identify any microorganisms required for the chemical conversion nitrogen from one chemical form to another. c) Explain how the nitrogen in organisms is converted back into atmospheric nitrogen. d) Why do farmers frequently use commercial fertilizers to increase the yield of their crops? 11. What is meant by the acronym “TWANE”? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Compare and contrast a closed system with an open system: Closed System 12. Draw a closed system Open System 13. Draw an open system a) What happens to the resources? c) What happens to the resources? b) Where does the energy source come d) Where does the energy source come from? from?