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Classification Using Unity to Organize Diversity Classification Classification: The grouping of objects or information base on similarities Taxonomy: Definition: The branch of Biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history. Why? To organize all the life on Earth st 1 Classifier Aristotle (384-322 BCE) Classified everything into 2 groups Plants Herbs, shrubs, trees Animals (where they lived) Land, air, water PROBLEMS? Duck? Butterfly? Frog? Aristotle’s System organisms plants air See any problems? land water Breakout #1 List 3 organisms that don’t fit into Aristotle’s classification system and explain why they don’t fit. Other Problems Also used common names for classification. Problems with this? When new organisms were discovered (microscopic) they didn’t fit into the system Common names vary from location to location Killer whale and orca Mountain Lion, cougar, puma Name can be misleading for the type of organism Breakout #2 Pick 3 of the organisms you see on the screen and describe what might be confusing about their common names (think especially if you were a scientist that did not speak English). Problem Organisms Seahorse Jellyfish Starfish Cactus Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish Naturalist Grouped organisms based on: Morphology (form and structure) 7 Group System Kingdom (most diverse) Phylum Class o Order o Family o Genus o Species (least diverse) Linnaeus Classification System Breakout #3 Create your own mnemonic device to remember the seven levels of classification. Helpful Tip! How do I remember it? King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti 3 Domains 1977 Carl Wosse grouped the kingdoms into 3 domains Determined that the bacteria could be grouped separately based on differences in DNA structure Archea Domain: (prokaryotes) Kingdom Archaebacteria Believed to be more closely related to eukaryotes than the eubacteria Bacteria Domain: (prokaryotes) Kingdom Eubacteria contain most known pathogenic (disease causing) bacteria Eukarya Domain – (eukaryotes) Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia How Do We Name Organisms? Binomial nomeclature: 2 part naming system Bi = two (2) Nom = name 1st name is the Genus (Capitalize 1st letter) 2nd name is the species (lower case) Example: Humans o Homo sapiens (genus) (species) When typing always italicize the words! When writing out by hand always underline! VIDEO PROJECT WARNING!!! Say What? Scientific Names are written in LATIN Latin is a “dead” language (no longer spoken in cultures) Every scientist, regardless of spoken language, can understand Scientific Names have can have meaning Linneaus borealis Linnaeus's favorite flower “borealis” means north Aura borealis – Northern Lights Scientific Names Show Relatedness Scientific names: Genus = relatedness Species = descriptor species as a descriptor: Alligator mississippiensis American Alligator Ursus arctos Grizzly Bear If you are closely related you have the same Genus Canis lupis - wolves Canis latrens - coyotes Breakout #4 Using the scientific name which pair is most closely related? Quercus alba (white oak) Quercus rubra (red oak) Quercus alba (white oak) Caladris alba (white bird) Logger Head Sea Turtle Grey Wolf Andean Fox Coyote Tiger Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Reptilia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Testudines Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Family Cheloniidea Canidea Canidea Canidea Felidae Genus Caretta Canis Pseudalopex Canis Panthera species caretta lupus culpaeus latrans tigris
