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Making the Business Case for
Adaptation
Analysis of costs and financial drivers for
making a more resilient built environment
[Presenters name]
[Meeting name]
[Date]
Making the business case for adaptation
Presentation contents
— Overview of training modules available in the series
— Risks and examples of climate impacts in the built environment
— Headlines from ‘Designing and Renovating Buildings’ chapter, ASC 2nd progress
report
— Example costs for adaptation measures in individual buildings
— Climate Change Adaptation in the UK Built Environment (guidance)
Making the business case for adaptation
Other training modules in the series
— Statutory drivers for adaptation
— Making the business case for adaptation
— Green Infrastructure as an adaptation response
— How developments and buildings can be adapted so that they are resilient to
climate change and extreme weather
— Addressing weather and climate risks through neighbourhood planning
— Achieving resilience to climate risks through local plans and supplementary
planning guidance
Making the business case for adaptation
UK Climate Change Risk Assessment: Built Environment
— Building temperature control
— Subsidence
— Flooding
— Water stress
Making the business case for adaptation
Heatwave 2003
“More than 20,000 people died after a record-breaking heatwave left Europe
sweltering in August 2003”.
—2000 excess deaths due to
heat in the UK
—Temperature of 39’C was
recorded in Brogdale in Kent on
10 August 2003
—Speed limits imposed by
network rail due to risk of track
buckling
—Tourism; London Eye closed
one day as cabins became too
hot
—It is thought to have cost
European farming €13.1 billion
from death of livestock
Damflask Reservoir, Yorkshire Water
Making the business case for adaptation
Flooding 2007
“Broad-scale estimates made shortly after the floods put the total losses at about £4
billion, of which insurable losses were reported to be about £3 billion”.
—£1.2bn domestic claims
—£1bn cost to business
—£330m power and utilities
—£287m public health costs
—£230m communications (incl
roads)
—£50m damage to agriculture
—400,000 school days lost
Making the business case for adaptation
2012 Weather Extremes, from drought to floods
Early fears of drought turned to record breaking rainfall
— A dry start to the year lead to hosepipe bans in some areas
— A warm and dry March gave way to the wettest April – June period on record
— The total UK rainfall in June was twice the 1971 – 2000 average
— Extreme rainfall event ‘Thunder Thursday’ in the North East caused £8m in damage
— 8000 properties were flooded in 2012
Making the business case for adaptation
Designing and renovating buildings
“Buildings are a priority area for adaptation, because
decisions concerning design, construction and renovation
are long lasting and may be costly to reverse”.
—Buildings already vulnerable to flood, storms, overheating, subsidence
—Plumbing, domestic appliances and occupant behaviour influence water demand
—Rising temperatures may make buildings more uncomfortable
—More extreme weather events may expose occupants to greater risk
Making the business case for adaptation
Identifying low regret ‘property level’ adaptation measures
Case study areas - South East and the Aire Valley in Yorkshire & Humber
considered:
water stress - heat stress - flooding
Cost benefit analysis for adaptation is significantly more challenging due to:
Uncertainty of
future impacts
Calculating
monetary value
for the loss
averted
Scaling up
local data to
national level
The methodology focused on:
—Low regret measures that perform well against a range of climate scenarios
—The benefit of individual measures to enable comparison between options
Making the business case for adaptation
Water efficient measures analysed
Measure
Additional cost
per household retrofit
Additional cost
per household –
end of life
upgrade
Additional cost
per household –
new build
Dual-flush WC
£230 - 540
0
n/a
Low-flow shower
£250 - 430
0
n/a
Low-flow tap (pair)
£100 - 210
0
n/a
Low-volume, gravity
rain water system
£1,000
0
£900
Short-retention grey
water system
£1,920 - £2,220
0
£1,730 - £2,000
Making the business case for adaptation
Flood resistant and resilient measures analysed
Measure
Additional cost per
household - retrofit
Additional cost per
household - repair
Additional cost per
household – new
build
Mount boilers on wall
£1,000
£150
0
Move washing
machine to first floor
£600
£200
0
Replace ovens with
raised built under
type
£650 - 750
£200
0
Move electrics well
above likely flood
level
£700 - £1,100
£250 - £500
0
Install chemical
damp-proof course
below joist level
£5,090 - £9,270
£2,660 - £4,930
0
Raise floor above
most likely flood level
£28,200 - £44,700
£11,000 to £ 18,350
0
Replace doors,
windows, frames with
water resistant ones
£8,110 - £15,010
£3,710 - £6,640
£3,340 - £5,970
Making the business case for adaptation
Passive cooling measures analysed
Measure
Additional cost per
household - retrofit
Additional cost per
household – new build
High thermal mass + night
cooling by natural ventilation
£2,130 - £4,580
£680 - £1,530
External shutters
£1,000 - £1,200
£900 - £1,080
High thermal mass + night
cooling by natural ventilation
+ solar shading + reduced
internal gains + high roof
albedo
£2,130 - £4,580
£680 - £1,530
Whole house ventilation +
high thermal mass + no
window opening
£2,130 - £4580
£680 - £1530
Making the business case for adaptation
Climate Change Adaptation in the UK Built Environment
New guidance for those working in the built
environment sector, including planners,
developers and designers on:
—How to assess and communicate the
business case for climate change adaption in
the built environment, and
—How to achieve developments which are
resilient to the effects of a changing climate.
Oxford University Press, Oxford – Hoare Lea
The guidance
comprises short “How
to” guides built around a
four stage risk
assessment process
https://connect.innovateuk.org/web/climate-change-adaptation/article-view/-/blogs/guidance-for-making-thecase-for-climate-change-adaptation-in-the-built-environment
Making the business case for adaptation
Developing an effective business case
There are 3 key principles that are critical to developing an effective
business case for climate change adaptation in the built environment:
Early identification
and prioritisation of
climate risks
Assess and address
climate risks early to
facilitate ‘no regret’ /
‘low regret’ adaptation
Design in ‘adaptive
capacity’ - where
climate risks are
uncertain or long term
Making the business case for adaptation
References
— UK Climate Change Risk Assessment, DEFRA
— MET Office, Education
— The costs of the summer 2007 floods in England, Environment Agency
— Adaptation Sub Committee (ASC) 2nd progress report 2011
— Climate Change Adaptation in the UK Built Environment, Climate Ready
Making the business case for adaptation
Case studies
— Our River, Our City – a case study from Derby
— The Hive, Worcester - award winning integrated public and university library
River Derwent in Derby looking towards the Council House, image by Climate East
Midlands
CASE STUDY
Building a Resilient Environment
Making the business case for
adaptation
River Derwent at Darley Abbey in high flow
Image by John McLinden, used under a
Creative Commons licence
New approach
Masterplan designed to:
• Reduce flood risk
• Make space for water
• Incorporate flood
protection measures
into new developments
• Capitalise on the asset
of the river to
regenerate central
Derby
Problems
• High flood risk
• Low standard of
protection
• Deteriorating assets
• No incentives for
investment
Solution (part)
• Incorporate flood
protection into new
developments (at
Opportunity sites)
L: Flood risk map
R: Opportunity sites map
Elements
The masterplan proposes a
mix of different solutions at
different points including:
• New defence walls
• Soft landscaped mounds
• Protection incorporated
into new developments
• Some buildings removed
to widen corridor
Derby Silk Mill image by Diego Sideburns, used under a Creative Commons licence
Challenges and
Opportunities
• Historic environment
• Archaeological remains
• Housing
• Commercial and
Industrial sites
• Biodiversity
• Roads
• Railway
Scheme costs: approx. £95m*
Secured so far:
•
Flood Defence Grant in aid £17m
• Growth Funding £19.6m
• Local Levy £470k
• Derby City Council £300k
• D2N2 LEP £12m
• Current funding shortfall £46m
Benefits
• 1,450 residential and 800 commercial properties protected
• 26,000 existing jobs protected / 6,300 new jobs created
• 80 Hectares of developable land created / 320 new residential
properties
Benefit to cost ratio: 2.91
*Whole life costs Environment Agency Draft Business Case, Oct 2013
Costs and
Benefits
*‘Over the coming decades climate change is likely to
exacerbate the situation leading to more frequent and
severe flood events.’
‘There will be a site specific approach to climate change, using a
precautionary or managed adaptive approach. The precautionary
approach will be taken where it is difficult to ‘top-up’ or adapt the
defences in future, eg defences delivered as part of the
development sites and pumping stations.
The managed adaptive approach will be taken where it is costeffective to ‘top-up’ or adapt the defences in the future, eg flood
embankments, stand-alone flood walls, floodgates. In the
managed adaptive approach, asset foundations will be designed
and built to accommodate a structural extension.’
*Source: Environment Agency Draft Business Case, Oct 2013
Climate change
implications
The Hive, Worcester
The award winning integrated
public and university library
CASE STUDY
Making the business case for adaptation
Introduction to The Hive, Worcester
• First fully integrated public and
University library.
• Opened July 2012.
• Created in partnership between
Worcestershire County Council and the
University of Worcester.
• Brings together Worcester University's
Library Service, the former City Library,
The Worcestershire Record Office,
Worcester Historic Environment and
Archaeology Service and the
Worcestershire Hub.
Making the business case for adaptation
The Hive: Adaptation and Sustainability
Natural Ventilation and
Summertime Cooling Strategy
• Directing air flow
• Natural air supply
from below ground
duct
• Evaporative cooling
• Piped water cooling
during heatwaves
(C) The Hive
• Specialist window
and roof design.
Building Design
• Sustainable, durable
building materials.
• BREEAM
Outstanding
(C) www.nandu.co.uk
Making the business case for adaptation
Daylight Strategy
Renewable Energy
Strategy
• Maximum use of
natural light.
• Reduction in
energy use.
• Biomass boiler.
• Water sourced
heat pump.
(C) www.nandu.co.uk
Water Management
Strategy
Planting and Urban
Ecology
• Rainwater
harvesting.
• Use of on-site
water supply.
• Water meadows.
• Biodiversity
enhancement.
(C) The Hive
Making the business case for adaptation
Making the business case for adaptation
Use of UK Climate Projections
• UKCP09 scenarios used to prepare for
future climatic conditions.
• Building comfort conditions calculated for
predicted conditions in the years 2020 and
2050.
• If the internal temperature exceeds 25°C, it
will always remain 2°C less than the
external temperature.
• Conditions will be maintained at required
level in 2020 with only a 2% increase in
carbon emissions.
• The building's lowest floor level is set above
the 100 year predicted flood level with an
additional allowance for anticipated climate
change.
Making the business case for adaptation
The Hive: Heating
Why?
• 550kw biomass boiler.
• Biomass only emits around
6.5% CO2 emissions
compared to gas.
• Regional wood supply source.
• Back-up gas boilers.
• Thermal mass.
• Estimated that installation of
biomass boiler saves £6,043
per year compared solely to
gas heating.
(C) Treefellers.co.uk
The Hive: Cooling
Why?
• Piped water from River Severn.
•
• Used water returned to river
with no impact on environment.
1/
of the energy used
compared to mechanical
cooling.
3
Making the business case for adaptation
The Hive: Water Management
• Rainwater harvesting.
• Sustainable Urban Drainage System
(SuDS).
Why?
• Reduction in potable water
use and cost by 40%
compared to an average
library.
• Preventing financial damage
to the building by minimising
flood risk.
(C) Worcestershire County Council
Making the business case for adaptation
The Hive: Roofscape
• Pyramid structure; each cone made from
sustainable sourced softwoods.
• Brings in natural daylight and ventilation.
(C) The Hive
• Spatial character.
Why?
• The change from
steel/concrete design to
timber has saved 2,000
tonnes CO2.
(C) www.nandu.co.uk
Making the business case for adaptation
The Hive: External materials
• Made with a copper aluminium alloy
finish.
• Durable and recyclable.
• Ground floor clad with locally sourced
natural stone.
• 22% recycled material used.
(C) Worcestershire County Council
Making the business case for adaptation
The Hive: Windows
• Solar shading to prevent glare.
• Windows in the roof tested so that
enough natural daylight comes in without
creating physical discomfort.
The Hive: Ventilation
• Naturally ventilated.
• Archives section mechanically
ventilated to maintain specific
conditions.
(C) www.nandu.co.uk
Making the business case for adaptation
The Hive: Landscape & Ecology
• Indigenous vegetation encourages
wildlife.
• Incorporation of bat boxes.
• Re-planting of rare local species.
• Flood alleviation.
• Shading and cooling.
(C) Grant Associates
Making the business case for adaptation
Further information
— Alan Carr
— Sustainability West Midlands
— 0121 237 5890
— [email protected]
— www.sustainabilitywestmidlands.org.uk
— www.climateuk.net
www.thehiveworcester.org
Making the business case for adaptation
Video case studies
— Lowaters Nursery
— Changing Climate, Changing Business (Climate South West)
Making the business case for adaptation
Lowaters Nursery –
UK Water Efficiency Awards 2012 Winner
Business cuts water consumption, savings around £20,000 per year and
ensuring water availability for the business in dry weather
M Brodie, Alamy
PSL Images, Alamy
Making the business case for adaptation
Changing Climate, Changing Business
Tourism businesses adapting to climate change
M Brodie, Alamy
PSL Images, Alamy
Making the business case for adaptation
Contact details
— [Name]
— [Phone]
— [Email]
— [Web]