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www.eenadupratibha.net Junior inter Botany 1 - 4 Chapters t e n . a 2 Marks Questions h b i Q. What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living organisms and growth in non-living objects? t a r A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth. ★ Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division. p u d ★ Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of materials outside. a n Q. Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism? e e . w w A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body of a living organism. t e n w ★ Anabolism refers to the synthesis of bigger molecules from small molecules during chemical reactions. In one way it is a constructive process. . a h b i t ★ Catabolism is the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a destructive or lytic process. a r p Q. What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms? A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves called epitheca and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox. It is made up of hard and indestructible silica. u d a n e e . ww Q. How are viroids different from viruses? A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat. e.g.: Potato spindle tuber viroid. Viroid contains only nucleic acid (RNA) whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat. w Q. What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify? A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in polluted water bodies are called algal blooms. R-17-12-14 www.eenadupratibha.net www.eenadupratibha.net ★ The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes sea water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean Sea. Q. State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria. A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics. t e n . a ★ Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands. ★ Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk. h b i Q. Name the branches of Botany which deal with the chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes and non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes. t a r p u d A: Phycology deals with algae (chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes). ★ Mycology deals with fungi (non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes). a n Q. Which group of plants is called vascular cryptogams? Name the branch of Botany which deals with them? e e . w w A: Pteridophyta. t e n ★ Pteridology. w Q. Who discovered the cell and what was the book written by him? . a h A: Robert Hooke. ★ Micrographia. b i t Q. What is the basis of classification of algae? a r p A: a) Pigmentation and b) Type of food stored u d a 4 Marks Questions n e e . ww Q. Explain binomial nomenclature. A: Binomial nomenclature is system of providing a name to living organisms with two components. ★ It was first introduced by Gaspard Bauhin and popularized by Carolus Von Linnaeus through his book, 'Species Plantarum'. w ★ The scientific or biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. ★ The ICBN (International code for Botanical Nomenclature) lays down principles for naming the plants. www.eenadupratibha.net www.eenadupratibha.net ★ In Binomial nomenclature every plant will have a name with two words. The first word is 'genus' and the second 'species'. ★ Genus is a noun and always begins with a capital letter. Species is an adjective and always begins with a small letter. t e n . a ★ Name of the author may be written after the specific epithet. e.g.: Mango in binomial system is written as Mangifera indica Linn. Mangifera is the genus and indica is the species. h b i t a r Q. Write the role of fungi in our daily life. A: Fungi play both useful as well as harmful roles in our daily life. p u d Some of the uses of fungi are: a n ★ Fungi like yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) are used in preparation of bread and beer. e e . w w ★ Fungi like Pencillium are used for preparation of antibiotics. t e n ★ Fungi are heterotrophic decomposers of the soil which are very important for recycling of elements. w . a h ★ Fungi like mushrooms, morels and truffles are good source of nutrients and are used as food. b i t ★ Fungi like Neurospora are used in biochemical and genetic research. ★ Some fungi like Trichoderma are used in agriculture. a r p (Note: At least two) u d a Some of the harmful effects of fungi are: ★ They cause spoilage of food items and pickles. n e e . ww e.g.: Rhizopus (bread mold). ★ They cause diseases on plants like red rot in sugarcane, tikka disease in groundnut etc. w Q. Explain in brief the scope of Botany in relation to agriculture, horticulture and medicine. A: Knowledge of botany leads to experiments in hybridization and genetic engineering. www.eenadupratibha.net www.eenadupratibha.net ★ Knowledge of plant breeding helps to develop hybrid varieties of rice, wheat, sugarcane etc. ★ Mineral nutrition, plant hormones, seed dormancy, plant pathology etc. are studied in botany and help in improving crops, and crop yields. t e n . a ★ A knowledge of plant pathology helps in identification, prevention and eradication of plant diseases. h b i ★ Increasing the shelf-life of vegetables and leafy vegetables, artificial ripening of fruits is possible with plant growth hormones. t a r ★ Botany helps in development of industries like cotton, paper, pharmacy, sugar etc. p u d ★ Medicinal plants are used in human and animal healthcare. ★ Plant science is the basis for ayurvedic pharmacies. a n e e . w w Writer: P. Uma Amareswari t e n w . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . ww w www.eenadupratibha.net