Download Junior Inter Botony Questions English Medium

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Junior inter Botany
1 - 4 Chapters
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2 Marks Questions
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Q. What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living
organisms and growth in non-living objects?
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A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth.
★ Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division.
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★ Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of materials
outside.
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Q. Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and
catabolism?
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A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body of a
living organism.
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★ Anabolism refers to the synthesis of bigger molecules from small molecules
during chemical reactions. In one way it is a constructive process.
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★ Catabolism is the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a
destructive or lytic process.
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Q. What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?
A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves called epitheca
and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox. It is made up of hard and
indestructible silica.
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Q. How are viroids different from viruses?
A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat.
e.g.: Potato spindle tuber viroid. Viroid contains only nucleic acid (RNA)
whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat.
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Q. What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify?
A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in polluted water
bodies are called algal blooms.
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★ The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes sea
water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean Sea.
Q. State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.
A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics.
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★ Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands.
★ Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk.
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Q. Name the branches of Botany which deal with the chlorophyllous
autotrophic thallophytes and non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic
thallophytes.
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A: Phycology deals with algae (chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes).
★ Mycology deals with fungi (non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes).
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Q. Which group of plants is called vascular cryptogams? Name the branch of
Botany which deals with them?
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A: Pteridophyta.
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★ Pteridology.
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Q. Who discovered the cell and what was the book written by him?
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A: Robert Hooke.
★ Micrographia.
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Q. What is the basis of classification of algae?
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A: a) Pigmentation and
b) Type of food stored
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4 Marks Questions
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Q. Explain binomial nomenclature.
A: Binomial nomenclature is system of providing a name to living organisms with
two components.
★ It was first introduced by Gaspard Bauhin and popularized by Carolus Von
Linnaeus through his book, 'Species Plantarum'.
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★ The scientific or biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics.
★ The ICBN (International code for Botanical Nomenclature) lays down
principles for naming the plants.
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★ In Binomial nomenclature every plant will have a name with two words. The
first word is 'genus' and the second 'species'.
★ Genus is a noun and always begins with a capital letter. Species is an
adjective and always begins with a small letter.
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★ Name of the author may be written after the specific epithet.
e.g.: Mango in binomial system is written as Mangifera indica Linn. Mangifera
is the genus and indica is the species.
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Q. Write the role of fungi in our daily life.
A: Fungi play both useful as well as harmful roles in our daily life.
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Some of the uses of fungi are:
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★ Fungi like yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) are used in preparation of bread
and beer.
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★ Fungi like Pencillium are used for preparation of antibiotics.
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★ Fungi are heterotrophic decomposers of the soil which are very important for
recycling of elements.
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★ Fungi like mushrooms, morels and truffles are good source of nutrients and
are used as food.
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★ Fungi like Neurospora are used in biochemical and genetic research.
★ Some fungi like Trichoderma are used in agriculture.
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(Note: At least two)
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Some of the harmful effects of fungi are:
★ They cause spoilage of food items and pickles.
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e.g.: Rhizopus (bread mold).
★ They cause diseases on plants like red rot in sugarcane, tikka disease in
groundnut etc.
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Q. Explain in brief the scope of Botany in relation to agriculture, horticulture
and medicine.
A: Knowledge of botany leads to experiments in hybridization and genetic
engineering.
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★ Knowledge of plant breeding helps to develop hybrid varieties of rice, wheat,
sugarcane etc.
★ Mineral nutrition, plant hormones, seed dormancy, plant pathology etc. are
studied in botany and help in improving crops, and crop yields.
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★ A knowledge of plant pathology helps in identification, prevention and
eradication of plant diseases.
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★ Increasing the shelf-life of vegetables and leafy vegetables, artificial ripening
of fruits is possible with plant growth hormones.
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★ Botany helps in development of industries like cotton, paper, pharmacy, sugar
etc.
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★ Medicinal plants are used in human and animal healthcare.
★ Plant science is the basis for ayurvedic pharmacies.
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Writer: P. Uma Amareswari
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