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Download Chapter 27: Vital Signs
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Chapter 27 Vital Signs Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher. PowerPoint® presentation slides may be displayed and may be reproduced in print form for instructional purposes only, provided a proper copyright notice appears on the last page of each print-out. Produced in the United States of America ISBN 0-7216-9770-4 Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Introduction Vital signs can provide you with a minimum level of determining a patient’s health status. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Factors Influencing Vital Signs Emotional influences • Stress • Fear Physical influences • Illness • Drinking or eating • Rushed Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Temperature Degree of the hotness or coldness of body temperature. Temperature readings • Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F Thermometer types • Glass (Figure 27-2) • Electronic (Figure 27-7) • Tympanic (Figure 27-8) Procedure Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig. 27-2 Glass thermometer. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig. 27-7 Electronic thermometer. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig. 27-8 Tympanic thermometer. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Pulse A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time the heart beats. Pulse sites • Radial artery • Brachial artery • Carotid artery Pulse Characteristics • Rate • Rhythm • Volume Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Pulse- cont’d Pulse readings • Adult resting: 60-100 beats per minute • Child: 70-120 beats per minute Irregularity • Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat Procedure Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Respiration The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.” Respiration characteristics • Rate: Total number of breaths per minute • Rhythm: Breathing pattern • Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled Respiration readings • Adult: 10-20 breaths per minute • Child to teenage: 18-30 breaths per minute Procedure Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Blood Pressure The amount of work the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body. Two pressures of the heart • Systolic: Reflects the amount of pressure it takes for the left ventricle of the heart to compress or push oxygenated blood out into the blood vessels. • Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Blood Pressure- cont’d Blood pressure readings • Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic Blood pressure equipment • Sphygmomanometer • Cuff • Rubber bulb • Stethoscope • Automated blood pressure Korotkoff sounds • Five phases of sounds Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Additional Techniques Electrocardiogram: A graph or tracing of the heart’s activity • Cardiac cycle Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
