Download BIO 12 EXAM OUTLINE

BIO 12 EXAM OUTLINE
Friday Nov 13, 2015
CHAPTER 21- THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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Label a diagram of the male reproductive system
Label a diagram of the female reproductive system
Trace the pathway the sperm travels in the male body
Trace the pathway the egg travels in the female’s body
Parts of the male reproductive system and the jobs they perform
Parts of the female reproductive system and the functions they perform
What causes infertility/ sterility in the male
What causes infertility / sterility in the female
The Menstrual Cycle- stages, time frames, what activities go on during each stage, hormones
involved
The hormones of the male and female reproductive system- where produced, what affect they
have, positive and negative feedback systems
Stages of embryonic development, diagram of embryo and embryonic layers to label
Steps involved in the birthing process
Methods used to help infertile couples have a baby
Procedures used to detect genetic defects in the fetus, how early they can be used
The 3 glands that produce semen in a male’s body
Roles/ tasks of semen
Pregnancy tests- what they contain, how they work
Birth Control pills – what they contain, how they work
Identical vs fraternal twins
Corpus luteum – what it is , why it is important
Where fertilization occurs in the female’s body
Methods of preventing pregnancy in males and females
Similarities/ differences between male ( sperm) and female ( egg)
Oogenesis vs spermatogenesis – similarities, differences
Ectopic pregnancies- what they are, why the pregnancy does not go full term
Evolutionary changes in the development of the reproductive system in the animal kingdom
Ways in which the sperm are specially designed for movement
Terms/ definitions – umbilical cord, chorion, placenta, amnion, allantois, ectoderm, endoderm,
mesoderm, implantation, fertilization, ovulation, breaking of water, afterbirth, collostrum,
endometrium, fimbria, myometrium, embryo, fetus, differentiation, blastocyst, zygote
AIDS- what is it, how is it caused, treatment, prevention from getting it( other examples of STDs)
CHAPTER 22 - ASEXUAL CELL DIVISION ( MITOSIS)
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Purpose of mitosis/ why it is important/ examples of asexual cell division in lower organisms
stages of mitosis and what happens at each stage
label diagrams of the various stages of mitosis
put the events of mitosis in the correct order in which they occur
factors affecting the rate of mitosis
special structures- spindle, centrioles, asters, equator, centromere,vcell plate, furrow - what are
they. what do they do, where are they found
difference between mitosis in plants versus animals
how cancer cells differ from normal cells
diploid versus haploid number
Cytokinesis- what it is, when it occurs
CHAPTER 23 – SEXUAL CELL DIVISION ( MEIOSIS)
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What is meiosis, why is it important
Comparison chart of meiosis and mitosis
Comparison chart of Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Stages of meiosis and what happens in each stage
Label diagrams of the various stages of meiosis
Match description with stage of meiosis
Draw diagrams to show the difference between prophase I and prophase II, metaphase I and
metaphase II, anaphase I and anaphase II, telophase I and telophase II
Sequencing activity on stages of meiosis
Spermatogenesis vs oogenesis
What is nondisjunction; factors that may increase the risk
Nondisjunctive disorders- Down’s syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome, Kleinfelter’s Syndrome,
supermale- sketches to show how they come about, physical traits, characteristics, karyotypes,
rate at which they occur in a population
Male and female sex chromosomes- what they look like, how they are different
The cell cycle and what happens at each stage
Terms/ definitions - crossing over, segregation, homologous chromosomes, chromatids,
centromere, synapsis, monosomy, trisomy
CHAPTER 10- THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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Purpose of the endocrine system, why important
Label a diagram of the human body to show where the endocrine glands are located
2 types of hormones – steroid, protein – similarities, differences, methods of action
Characteristics of hormones/ how they reach their target cells
Hormones produced in each gland, their target tissues, functions performed by each hormone
Positive and negative feedback loops of all the hormones studied
Disorders of the endocrine system – giantism, dwarfism, acromegaly, goiter, hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, Addison’s Disease , diabetes – how they are caused,
symptoms experienced, long term complications, how treated
What gland is the master gland and why?
Role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system
Interplay between insulin and glucagon in controlling blood sugars
Terms- anterior, posterior, cortex, medulla, islets of Langerhans, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
hyperactivity, hypoactivity
Contributions of Banting and Best to the study of diabetes
CHAPTER 11 – THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Ways in which the nervous system is different from the endocrine system
Divisions of the nervous system – chart, differences between each one, what is included in each
one, jobs performed by each, what would happen if injury occurred in each one
Label a diagram of the parts of a neuron
The parts of the neuron and the functions/ jobs they perform
3 types of neurons- what do they do, how different in structure, identify in pictures
Factors that affect the strength of a response
Reflex arc- label diagram
Reflex arc - sequence the steps, examples of reflexes, characteristics of reflexes
Events of synaptic transmission- explain or sequence the events in the correct order, the role
that cholinesterase plays, diagram to label
Jobs performed by the spinal cord
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Label a diagram of the structures of the human brain
4 lobes of the cerebrum, functions performed in each, how damage to each lobe would affect
you
Know jobs performed in each part of the brain( matching exercise)
Know how alcohol/ drugs affect each part of the brain
Long term affects of alcoholism on the brain and the rest of the body
ECG, EEG, MRI, BEAM diagnostic tools – what are they, who invented them, year invented, what
they diagnose or what are they useful for, problems or complications
The 4 lobes of the brain- where located, different functions performed in each lobe
Stroke- what it is, how it’s caused, warning signs, symptoms, FACT
2 hemispheres of the brain and difference in their roles/ jobs
Action potential graph to label and know what is happening at each stage of the graph
Nervous system disorders- MS, stroke, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, depression, meningitis, epilepsy
– what they are, symptoms, cause, treatments, neurotransmitter chemical involved in each case
Terms/ definitions – action potential, polarization, depolarization, repolarization, refractory
period, threshold level, all-or-none response, neurotransmitter, synapse, resting membrane,
corpus callosum, convolutions, neurilemma, grey matter, white matter
The role of the sodium/ potassium pump in passing an impulse along a neuron, diagrams of
resting membrane, action potential, and recovery membrane
Action potential graph – be able to label parts of the graph and explain in words what’s
happening at each step
3 ways the brain and spinal cord are protected from damage/ injury
Interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system in controlling the fight & flight
response
Ways to prevent/ lessen your risks of Alzheimer’s
Contributions of Dr Penfield to brain mapping, epilepsy research
** USE ALL TESTS, QUESTIONS, ASSIGNMENTS, HANDOUTS, DIAGRAMS, CHAPTER HANDOUTS,
ACTIVITIES FROM CHAPTERS 21, 22, 23, 10, AND 11, TO PREPARE FOR THIS EXAM.
** THERE WILL BE CHOICES ON THE EXAM. DO ONLY THE REQUIRED NUMBER OF QUESTIONS. DOING
EXTRA QUESTIONS WILL NOT RESULT IN RECEIVING EXTRA MARKS.
** EXAM FORMAT: THE EXAM COULD INCLUDE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:
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Matching exercises
Diagrams to label
Multiple choice questions
Short answer questions
Charts to fill in
Distinguish betweens
Thought questions/ applications of work studied
True and false( be prepared to change the false statements to make them true)
Sequencing exercises – put events in the correct order in which they occur
Negative / positive feedback sketches to draw
Karyotypes – to identify nondisjunction disorder and sex of individual
Sketches of nondisjunction occurring for you to interpret
Fill ins
Doctor/ patient scenario for you to help diagnose problem
Sketches of stages of mitosis/ meiosis to draw and label