Download Vibrations caused by the sudden release of energy

 Vibrations caused by the sudden release of energy, usually as a result of displacement of rocks along faults. An explanation for the sudden release of energy that causes earthquakes when deformed rocks fracture and rebound to their original undeformed condition. The study of earthquakes. An instrument that detects, records, and measures the various waves produced by earthquakes. The point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus. The site within Earth where an earthquake originates and energy is released. A compressional, or push‐pull, wave; the fastest seismic wave and one that can travel through solids, liquids, and gases; also called a primary wave. A shear wave that moves material perpendicular to the direction of travel, thereby producing shear stresses in the material it moves through; also known as a secondary wave; S‐waves travel only through solids. A surface wave in which individual particles of material move in an elliptical path within a vertical plane oriented in the direction of wave movement. A surface wave in which the individual particles of material move only back and forth in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. The subjective measure of the kind of damage done by an earthquake as well as people’s reaction to it. A scale with values from I to XII used to characterize earthquakes based on damage. An open‐ended scale that measures the amount of energy released during an earthquake. The total amount of energy released by an earthquake at its source. A large sea wave that is usually produced by an earthquake, but can also result from submarine landslides and volcanic eruptions. A boundary across which seismic wave velocity or direction of travel changes abruptly, such as the mantle–core boundary. An area between 103 and 143 degrees from an earthquake focus where little P‐wave energy is recorded by seismographs. Those areas more than 103 degrees from an earthquake focus where no S‐
waves are recorded. The boundary between Earth’s crust and mantle. Earth’s temperature increase with depth; it averages 25°C/ km near the surface but varies from area to area.