Download Name: Date: ______ 1. Which of the following courses of action did

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. Which of the following courses of action did President Abraham Lincoln favor at the
beginning of the Civil War?
A) Postponing military action as long as possible.
B) Making the Civil War about ending slavery.
C) Long-term enlistments for Union soldiers.
D) Quick military action (i.e. a“rattlesnake-like” military strike) against the
Confederate States of America show the folly of secession.
E) DrivingdowntheMississippiandtakingVicksburgbeforedrivingontoMobile,occupying
theuppersouth,andblockadingconfederateports.
2. Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would
A) lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.
B) bring an end to slavery.
C) destroy the economy of the South.
D) pull the Border states out of the Confederacy.
E) all of the above.
3. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle
of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, (D) the Battle of Antietam.
A) B, C, A, D
B) D, B, C, A
C) C, A, D, B
D) A, B, D, C
E) A, D, B, C
4. The South's victory at Bull Run in 1861
A) shattered the short war illusion.
B) reduced the number of Confederate deserters.
C) demonstrated how difficult Confederate independence would be.
D) convinced the South of the need to prepare for a protracted conflict.
E) forced Lincoln to flee Washington.
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5. In the Civil War, the South won the battle of
A) Vicksburg.
B) Chancellorsville.
C) Gettysburg.
D) Atlanta.
E) Gettysburg
6. George B. McClellan is traditionally described as
A) disliked by his own men.
B) aggressive.
C) cautious.
D) ahead of his class in his understanding of modern warfare.
E) a great strategist.
7. After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan
made the mistake of
A) taking too many risks.
B) over relying on Lincoln's military judgment.
C) being unconcerned about the morale of his troops.
D) not drilling his troops enough to prepare them for battle.
E) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.
8. After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except
A) cutting the Confederacy in half.
B) marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas.
C) blockading the Confederacy's coastline.
D) liberating the slaves.
E) bypassing the Confederate capital at Richmond.
9. The final Union war strategy included all the following components except
A) guerrilla warfare.
B) a naval blockade.
C) undermining the Confederate economy.
D) seizing control of the Mississippi River.
E) capturing Richmond.
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10. Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy
because
A) Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.
B) the British government clearly supported the Union.
C) it would have been useless to try to run the blockade.
D) profits were not high enough to justify the risk.
E) the blockade did not cut off cotton shipments.
11. The most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from
A) British navy vessels on loan to the South.
B) swift blockade-running steamers.
C) the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors.
D) the sinking of the Union's Monitor.
E) the ironclad Merrimack (the Virginia).
12. After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan
A) retired from the military.
B) moved to confront Lee again at Gettysburg.
C) was appointed to the command of General in Chief.
D) marched his army toward Atlanta.
E) was removed from his field command.
13. One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the
North at Antietam was
A) Europe's refusal to help the South before the battle.
B) the Union's discovery of Robert E. Lee's battle plans.
C) Lincoln's removal of General McClellan from his command.
D) the use of the new repeating rifle for the first time.
E) the death of Stonewall Jackson during the battle.
14. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were
A) Shiloh and Chancellorsville.
B) Bull Run and Vicksburg.
C) Gettysburg and Antietam.
D) Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg.
E) Mobile and Missionary Ridge.
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15. The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it
A) inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among Southerners.
B) ended Lee's plan of invading the North.
C) delayed Lincoln's plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) ensured the reelection of President Lincoln.
E) probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the
Confederacy.
16. The North's “victory” at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to
A) issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) seek military assistance from Great Britain.
C) force the Border States to remain in the Union.
D) keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces.
E) suppress Copperhead opposition in the North.
17. The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of
I) Undermining Rebel logistics by striking at the “heart” of the rebellion.
II) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.
III) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election.
IV) quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies.
V) weakening Confederate morale.
A) All of the above
B) I and II only
C) I, II, and IV
D) I, IV, and V
E) I only
18. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free
A) only those slaves in the Border States.
B) All slaves “henceforth and forevermore”
C) only those slaves in United States territories.
D) only those slaves in states still in rebellion against the United States.
E) only those slaves in areas controlled by the Union army.
19. All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except
A) mounting opposition in the North to an “abolition war.”
B) Escalation in the level of violence in what became a race war.
C) heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration.
D) the disappearance of European working-class support for the Union.
E) complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.
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20. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because
A) the war ended shortly thereafter.
B) it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in 1864.
C) the Union had uncovered the Confederates' battle plans wrapped around cigars.
D) it was decided so quickly.
E) Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.
21. The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because
A) it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade.
B) coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was
irretrievably lost.
C) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation.
D) it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.
E) all of the above.
22. One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was
A) a longer war.
B) the loss of more lives.
C) fewer desertions on the Confederate side.
D) southern resignation to defeat.
E) a shorter war that saved lives.
23. The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the
A) Northern Peace Democrats.
B) Radical Republicans.
C) Northern War Democrats.
D) Union Party.
E) African Americans.
24. Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was
derisively labeled a
A) Carpetbagger.
B) Contraband.
C) Copperhead.
D) Doughface.
E) Fire Eater
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25. In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated _______________ to oppose
Lincoln's reelection.
A) George McClellan
B) Ulysses S. Grant
C) Andrew Johnson
D) Clement C. Vallandigham
E) Horace Greeley
26. The Union army's victory in the capture of _______________ was probably critical to
Lincoln's reelection in 1864.
A) Gettysburg
B) Richmond
C) Vicksburg
D) Antietam
E) Atlanta
27. General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved
A) attacking the enemy one army at a time.
B) striking tactically from the flanks.
C) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly.
D) extensive use of interior line defense.
E) surrounding enemy armies for a long siege.
28. Why was the Confederacy defeated?
A) The complete and utter destruction of Confederate logistics (i.e. a war of attrition).
B) Rebel forces (namely the Army of Northern Virginia under Lee) were militarily
defeated.
C) Class tensions created by the impression this was a “rich man’s war” but a “poor
man’s fight”.
D) Widespread demoralization, war weariness, and exhaustion in the South.
E) States’ rights obstructionism.
AB) All of the above.
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29. Which of the following WAS NOT a part of Lincoln’s view of military
strategy/operations?
A) The occupation of key/strategic Rebel territory
B) Bring Union superiority in numbers to bear by advancing on two or more fronts
simultaneously—that is, move all the armies at once on the enemy’s whole line.
C) Go after enemy armies and attack them where they were for the purpose of
destroying or substantially hurting them.
D) Exploit the opportunities provided by enemy offensives by moving rapidly to trap
them—i.e. block their routes of retreat—and force them to fight at a disadvantage far
from their base(s) of operation.
E) The elimination of excessive baggage/supply trains during military operations/
offensives/campaigns in order to travel light as well as to destroy enemy logistics by
foraging off the land while in hostile territory.
30. Which of the following WAS NOT a border state?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Kentucky
Tennessee
Missouri
Maryland
Delaware
31. What was the MAIN reason why the Confederacy was defeated and/or lost the war?
A) Robert E. Lee’s parochial Virginia-centric view of the war
B) Failure of the Southern Lobby to persuade England to declare the Union blockade
illegal
C) Inability of Davis and Lee to agree on a coherent strategy (i.e. emphasis on either an
active defensive vs a passive defensive strategy)
D) Confederate miscalculation in imposing a cotton embargo
E) Union strength—the Confederacy was militarily defeated (i.e. defeat caused
defeatism and not vice versa)
32. Which of the following WAS NOT a way in which the Confederate States viewed the
war?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
“The War of Northern Aggression”
“The War Between the States”
“The War of Southern Independence”
“The War of the Rebellion”
All of the above
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33. When/how was Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation connected to the Declaration of
Independence?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address
Lincoln’s Address before a special joint session of Congress on July 4, 1861
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
The Gettysburg Address
34. What was the first battle of the Civil War?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The Battle of First Manassas/First Bull Run
The attack on Fort Sumter
Shiloh
The siege of Vicksburg
Gettysburg
35. What did John Merryman and Lambdin Milligan base their appeals on upon their
convictions by military courts (i.e. what were they petitioning the appellate court for)?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Writ of habeas corpus
Writ of certiorari
Writ of Mandamus
An official pardon
Clemency (i.e. leniency)
36. Which of the following roles/functions/responsibilities DID NOT make Lincoln
responsible for shaping, defining, and articulating national strategy/policy?
A) Chief Agenda Setter/Chief Legislator
B) Head of State
C) Party Leader
D) Commander in Chief
37. What methods did Lincoln use to mobilize the mass citizen population of the United
States?
A. Land Grants and other bounties to encourage voluntary enlistments
B. Military patronage as an incentive/reward for the allegiance and cooperative efforts of
prominent political, ethnic, and business leaders in rallying support for the war and in
convincing people to volunteer for the mass citizen army.
C. The enlistment and recruitment of freedmen and (after the Emancipation
Proclamation) fugitive/runaway/emancipated slaves.
D. Offerings of substitute payments and commutation fees that enabled both
opportunities for conscripts to evade military service as well as
incentives/opportunities for volunteers to enlist.
E. All of the above
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38. What was the one issue or component of Union national strategy that crossed the line
and became policy?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Mobilization (that is, the raising, organizing, and sustaining of an armed forces)
Preventing foreign intervention in the conflict
Maintaining public support
Preserving the Union as “one nation, indivisible” and a republic
The emancipation of rebel slaves
39. Which of the following factors contributed to the capture of Vicksburg?
A) A series of victories under Grant over the main rebel force at Champion Hill and a
rearguard force at the Big Black River.
B) Willingness of the various branches of the Union armed forces to cooperate (joint
warfare)
C) Lee’s offensive operations in Pennsylvania leading up to Gettysburg
D) Grant’s willingness to live off the land during the campaign
E) All of the above
Matching: Distinguish between (A) First Order functions and (B) Second Order functions of
a wartime Commander in Chief
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
The enlistment of soldiers through drafting/conscription. A
The practice of military patronage A
Maintaining support for the war by building a wartime coalition. B
The development/direction of military strategy. A
The development/direction of military operations. A
The suppression dissent and anti-war activities. B
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Matching: Correctly categorize 46-51 as part of Union policy, national strategy, military
strategy, or military operations by matching each number with its appropriate
letter.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Policy
National Strategy
Military Strategy
Military Operations
46. Prevent foreign countries from intervening in the conflict (i.e. make certain it remains
an internal political conflict—Civil War). B
47. Mobilize the economic, political, psychological, diplomatic, and military resources of
the United States. B
48. Preserve the Union as “one nation, indivisible,” and as a republic. A
49. The blockade of Confederate ports. B
50. The destruction of Rebel armies. C
51. Exploit the Union’s numerical superiority by pressuring the Confederate States of
America at multiple points simultaneously (i.e concentrate in time) to counteract the
Confederacy’s use of interior lines and its advantage of a concentration in space. C
Categorizing information:
I.
Label the following as either (A) a Union advantage, strength, or asset OR (B) a
Confederate advantage, strength, or asset.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
Resources (A)
Modern weaponry, such as rifled firepower and artillery (B)
A majority of the nation’s elite generals (generalship) (B)
Industrial capacity (A)
Manpower (including slaves) (A)
Well established financial systems (A)
Infrastructure (railroad/telegraph system) and logistics (A)
The use of interior lines (B)
Goal of not losing as opposed to having to win (B)
True (A) or False (B):
61. PocketsofUnionismexistedwithinthe11ConfederateStates,especiallyintheAppalachian Mountains.(T)
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62. Farfrombeingareasonfordefeat,thestrengthofConfederatenationalismexplainswhymost Southernersfoughtaslongandhardastheydid.(T)
63. AbrahamLincolnwasanaturalstrategist.(F)
64. As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign the Union turned to a
strategy of total war (T)
65. When Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, the last Rebel army in the field was
defeated. (F)
66. Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the Emancipation Proclamation. (F)
67. The Confederacy only belatedly enlisted slaves into their army. (T)
Word Bank Matching
A) George B. McClellan
B) Trent Affair
C) Lambdin Milligan
D) John Merryman
E) Clement Vallandigham
AB) Fire Eaters
AC) Copperheads
68. ThosemembersoftheNorthernDemocraticPartywhomostvehemently opposedRepublicanCivilWarpoliciesandwhoadvocatedaceaseͲfiresothat restorationoftheUnioncouldproceedthroughpeacefulnegotiations. (Copperheads)
69. HewastakenintocustodyinIndianaalongwithfourotherindividualson chargesofconspiringtostealweaponsandliberateConfederatesoldiers presentlydetainedinUnionp.o.w.camps.Hewassubsequentlytriedand convicted(alongwithhisfourcoͲconspirators)inamilitarycourtandsentenced withexecution.(Milligan) Page 11
70. AradicalSouthernsecessionistintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.(FireEaters)
71. AwellͲtoͲdoMarylandlandholderwhowasarrestedonMay25,1861oncharges ofacceptingacommissionoflieutenantinasecessionistcavalrycompanyformed forthepurposeofengaginginarmedinsurrectionandotherallegedhostileactions againsttheauthorityoftheUnitedStates(i.e.variousactsoftreason),namely,the destructionoftelegraphlinesandofbeingincommunicationwiththerebels.He wasconvictedbyamilitarycourtandsentencedtodetentionatFortMcHenryin Baltimore,MD.(Merryman)
72. U.S.Armyofficer,railroadpresidentandpoliticianwhoservedasamajorgeneral duringtheCivilWar(1861Ͳ65).McClellanorganizedtheArmyofthePotomacin 1861andbrieflyservedasgeneralͲinͲchiefoftheUnionArmy.McClellanwaswell likedbyhismen,buthisreticencetoattacktheConfederacywiththefullforceof hisarmy—despiteasignificantnumericaladvantage—puthimatoddswith PresidentAbrahamLincoln.In1862,McClellan’sPeninsulaCampaignunraveled aftertheSevenDaysBattles,andhealsofailedtodecisivelydefeatRobertE.Lee’s ConfederateArmyattheBattleofAntietamlaterthatyear.Frustratedby McClellan’soverlycautioustactics,Lincolnremovedhimfromcommandofthe ArmyofthePotomacinlate1862. (McClellan)
73. AninternationalincidentthatoccurredduringtheCivilWarwhentheUnited StatesseizedtwoConfederatediplomats,dispatchedbyJeffersonDavisona missiontogeneratesupportinEurope,aboardaBritishmailpacketRMS Trent.AfterbeingcapturedbytheUniononNovember8,1861,thetwo Confederatediplomats,JamesMasonandJohnSlidell,arrivedatFortWarren intheheartofBostonHarboronNovember24tobeincarcerated.The British,outragedthatoneoftheirshipshadbeenboardedbyUniontroops, puttheirfleetonnotice,anddemandedthatthetwoConfederate commissionersbereleasedfromFortWarren.TheBritishrattledsabers,and thecrisisbegantoboil.FearingariftwiththeBritish,PresidentLincoln eventuallyacquiesced,releasingMasonandSlidellonNewYear’sDayin 1862.ThepairleftFortWarrenonatugboundforProvincetowntobe transferredtoaBritishmanͲofͲwar.TrentAffair
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74. AformerthreetermU.S.RepresentativefromOhio,describedas“avirulentracist andenthusiasticbackerofslavery.” WhileamemberoftheU.S.Houseof Representatives,he“denouncedtheUnioncauseandvotedagainsteverysingle billforthesupportofthearmedforces.” AfterlosinghisreͲelectionbidin1862, hebecameanoutspoken“Copperhead”leaderinOhio.Hewasarrestedfor disobeyinganorder(GeneralOrderNumberThirtyͲEight)issuedbyAmbrose Burnside,thecommandingofficeroftheDepartmentoftheOhio,andbecausehe hada“habit”of“declaringsympathiesfortheenemy.”Hisarrestoccurredafterhe deliveredapublicaddressonMay1,1863denouncing“KingLincoln”andcalling forLincoln’simpeachmentandforclaimingthewarwas“notworthfighting”since it“wasnotfortheUnionbutforthefreedomoftheslaves.” Hewas subsequentlytriedandconvictedbyamilitarytribunal,whichsubsequently sentencedhimtomilitaryprisonfortheremainderofthewar. Specifically,the militarycourtconvictedhimofuttering“disloyalsentimentsandopinions,with theobjectandpurposeofweakeningthepoweroftheGovernment[tosuppress] anunlawfulrebellion.” TheSupremeCourtultimatelydeniedhispetitionfora writofcertiorarionthegroundsthatitlackedjurisdictionovermilitarycourts. LincolnultimatelycommutedhissentencetobanishmenttotheConfederacy. (Vallandigham)
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