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Astronomy 1 S’16 Exam 1
Identify terms
Label each term with the appropriate letter of a definition listed
1. Spectral line
R 8. Albedo
Name_____________________
H
15. helioseismology
E
2. Terrestrial Planet
G
9. Coulomb Force
C
C
16. Babcock model
Q
3. Continuous Spectrum
K
10. Large-impact hypothesis
I
17. Chromosphere
T
4. Mars Exploration
Rovers
5. Photosphere
P
11. Permitted orbit
D
18. Mare
S
M 12. Primary atmosphere
A
J
6. Differentiation
B
13. Shield volcano
N
19. Absorption
Spectrum
20. Apollo Missions
7. Doppler effect
F
14. Redshift
O
L
One of the unique orbits that an electron may occupy in an atom
B. Seperation of planetary material within a planet into layers according to density
C. The electrostatic force of repulsion or attraction between charged bodies
D. A planet’s first atmosphere
E. The study of the interior of the Sun by analysis of its modes of vibration.
F. The change in the wavelength of radiation due to relative-radial motion of source and observer.
G. An Earthlike planet – small, dense, rocky and metallic.
H. The ratio of the light reflected from an object to the amount of light received by the object.
I. Hypothesis that the moon formed from debris ejected during a collision between the earth and a large
object.
J. A solid, liquid or dense gas excited to emit light will emit a____________
K. Light comprising a continuous spectrum passes through a cool low density gas will emit __________
L. The United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, which accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972.
M. The bright visible surface of the Sun
N. The low profile volcanic cone produced by highly liquid lava.
O. A Doppler shift toward longer wavelengths caused by a velocity of recession.
P. Ongoing robotic space mission involving rovers, exploring the planet Mars.
Q. A model of the sun’s magnetic cycle in which the differential rotation of the sun winds up and tangles
the solar magnetic field. Thought to be responsible for the sunspot cycles.
R. A feature in a spectrum at a specific wavelength produced by the absorption or emission of light by
certain atoms
S. One of the lunar lowlands filled by successive flows of dark lave.
T. Bright gas just above the photosphere of the sun
1. The two most abundant elements in the sun are
a. nitrogen and oxygen.
b. hydrogen and helium.
c. sulfur and iron.
d. carbon and hydrogen.
e. carbon and nitrogen.
2 .The sun is
a. a star
b. 1 AU from Earth.
c. more than 100 times the diameter of Earth.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above.
3. The chromosphere of the sun
a. is hotter than the photosphere.
b. appears yellow-white in color during total solar eclipse.
c. is the visible surface of the sun.
d. produces an absorption spectrum.
4. What are the three layers of the Sun's atmosphere, in order of increasing distance from the
surface? (you can use the above diagram for this also)
a. Corona, chromosphere, photosphere
b. Photosphere, corona, chromosphere
c. Photosphere, chromosphere, corona
d. Chromosphere, photosphere, corona
5. A new planet is discovered, a radar signal is aimed at the planet, the reflected signals are as
shown this indicates that the planet is rotating (assume you are looking at its North pole )
a) Clockwise
b) Counterclockwise
c) Not rotating
d) No way to tell how it’s rotating
6 The model above explains granulation as the tops of rising convection currents just below the
photosphere. Heat flows upward as rising currents of hot gas and sinking currents of cool gas.
The center of the granule boils upward and the edges sink. We can detect this motion by using the
Doppler shift. Using this method
a) the edges will be redshifted and the centers blueshifted
b) the edges will be blueshifted and the centers redshifted
c) both the edges and centers will be redshifted
7. This is a diagram showing permitted energy levels of a hydrogen atom. If an electron goes from
level 1 to level 4,
a) a photon is absorbed
b) a photon is emitted
c) an electron is absorbed
d) an electron is emitted
8. Each element has its own set of characteristic absorption lines because
a. the temperature of each element can varies.
b. elements can exist in different forms of matter
c. electron energy levels differ for each element.
9. Our Sun surface temperature is about 5800 K.
What is the primary wavelength radiated by the
Sun?
a. 200 nanometers
b. 1000 nanometers
c. 600 nanometers
d. 800 nanometers (also accept)
10. Here is a graph showing the number of sunspots since 1950. The dashed line is a projection of
the number of sunspots until 2025. According to this graph the approximate number of
sunspots projected for the year 2020 is
a. 200
b. 150 ( I also accept this)
c. 50
d. can’t tell from this graph
11. In the development of a terrestrial planet, the stage of ____ is when dense material settled to
the core and less dense to the outer parts.
a. differentiation
b. cratering
c. glaciation
d. accretion
12. The greenhouse effect produces excess heat in a planet's atmosphere by
a. trapping infrared radiation from escaping into space.
b. clouds blocking the surface from receiving any infrared radiation.
c. Trapping light gases from escaping into space
d. trapping ultraviolet light in the upper atmosphere of the planet.
13 – 14. In the diagram below label each of the major divisions of Earth's interior
15. In contrast to the outer solid mantle, parts of the
central regions of Earth's interior are thought to be fluid
because
a. P seismic waves cannot make it through those
regions
b. S seismic waves cannot make it through those
regions
c. both P and S seismic waves cannot make it
through those
regions
d. both P and S seismic waves easily make it
through those regions
16. Earth possesses few visible craters and the moon possesses many. This is because
a. Earth formed later than the moon and, therefore hasn't encountered as many meteoroids.
b. the moon doesn't have an atmosphere that could burn up many of the meteorites before
impacting.
c. erosion and plate tectonics have slowly removed evidence of past cratering on Earth.
.
17. Here is a time line of the formation of the earth to the present
According to this time line fossil life began about
a)
b)
c)
d)
1.5 billion years ago
3.5 billion years ago
2 billion years ago
5000 years ago
18. Which of the following is not produced by plate tectonics?
a. midocean rifts
b. rift valleys
c. the ring of fire
d. the Appalachian Mountains
e e.e. The earth’s magnetic field
19. The lunar maria are
a. the lava plains of the lunar lowlands.
b. the smooth plateaus of the lunar highlands.
c. less than one billion years old.
d. moving plates of lunar crust.
20. The surface of Venus has been studied
a. using radar maps from Earth
b using radar maps made from satellites orbiting Venus
c. using spacecraft that have landed on the surface of Venus
d. all of the above
21. The Greenhouse effect keeps Venus hot because
a. the atmosphere contains free oxygen
b. the atmosphere is predominantly carbon dioxide
c. the surface converts infrared into visible radiation
d. the surface is free of sulfur compounds
22. ____ is a very long and deep canyon on Mars
a. Valley Marineris
b. Ishtar Terra
c. Tharsis Bulge
d. Lobate Scarp
e. Phobos
23. Why does Mars have seasons similar to the Earth?
a. Mars is roughly the same distance from the sun as Earth
b. Mars is the same size as the Earth
c. The shape of Mars orbit is the same as the Earth’s
d. Mars rotational axis is tilted relative to its orbit like the Earth’s
24. Which
of the terrestrial planets has the most difficult time retaining an atmosphere?
a. Mercury
b. Venus
c. Earth
d. Mars
25. Which of the following statements about Mercury's orbit is TRUE?
a. Mercury is the most distant planet from the Sun
b. Mercury has the highest speed in its orbit of any planet
c. Mercury's orbit is the closest to a perfect circle of any
d. Mercury takes 88 Earth years to orbit the Sun
Following are 3 topics. Choose two of the topics and write a short but complete description.
1.
Describe the process of plate tectonics. Give examples of geographic features created by
plate tectonics.
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the
mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared
to Earth's mantle.
The plates are in constant motion with respect to each other. Evidence for plate tectonics can be found
on the ocean floor, and in geologically active regions all around the Pacific.
Where plates move toward each other, plates can be pushed upward and downward → formation of
mountain ranges, some with volcanic activity, earthquakes.
Where plates move away from each other, molten lava can rise up from below → volcanic activity
Volcanic hot spots due to molten lava rising up at plate boundaries or through holes in tectonic plates.
2.
How does the Babcock model explain the sunspot cycles?
The sun’s magnetic cycle is not fully understood.
However, the Babcock model (named for its inventor) explains the magnetic cycle as a progressive
tangling and then untangling of the solar magnetic field.
The sun’s magnetic field is frozen into its gases. The differential rotation wraps this field around the
sun—like a long string caught in a rotating wheel.
After about 11 years of tangling, the field becomes so complex that adjacent regions of the surface are
forced to changing their magnetic field directions to align with neighboring regions.
The entire field quickly rearranges itself into a simpler pattern. Then, differential rotation begins
winding it up to start a new cycle. This magnetic cycle seems to explain the Maunder butterfly diagram.
3. In what ways is the Earth unique among the Terrestrial planets?
The Earth is unique in regard to its having an oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere and a large liquid-water
ocean. It also has by far the strongest magnetic field of the terrestrial planets.
It's the only one that harbors life as we know it. It's the only planet where we can survive.