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price strategy Chapter 18 predatory pricing Chapter 18 price skimming Chapter 18 base price Chapter 18 penetration pricing Chapter 18 Chapter 18 unfair trade practice acts Chapter 18 cumulative quantity discount Chapter 18 price fixing Chapter 18 quantity discount noncumulative quantity discount Chapter 18 The practice of charging a very low price for a product with the intent of driving competitors out of business or out of a market. A basic, long-term pricing framework, which establishes the initial price for a product and the intended direction for price movements over the product life cycle. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 The general price level at which the company expects to sell the good or service. A pricing policy whereby a firm charges a high introductory price, often coupled with heavy promotion. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A price reduction offered to buyers buying in multiple units or above a specified dollar amount. A pricing policy whereby a firm charges a relatively low price for a product initially as a way to reach the mass market. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A deduction from list price that applies to the buyer’s total purchases made during a specific period. Laws that prohibit wholesalers and retailers from selling below cost. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A deduction from list price that applies to a single order rather than to the total volume of orders placed during a certain period. An agreement between two or more firms on the price they will charge for a product. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 cash discount Chapter 18 value-based pricing Chapter 18 functional discount (trade discount) Chapter 18 FOB origin pricing Chapter 18 seasonal discount Chapter 18 uniform delivered pricing Chapter 18 promotional allowance (trade allowance) Chapter 18 Chapter 18 rebate Chapter 18 zone pricing freight absorption pricing Chapter 18 Setting the price at a level that seems to the customer to be a good price compared to the prices of other options. A price reduction offered to a consumer, an industrial user, or a marketing intermediary in return for prompt payment of a bill. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A price tactic that requires the buyer to absorb the freight costs from the shipping point (“free on board”). A discount to wholesalers and retailers for performing channel functions. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A price tactic in which the seller pays the actual freight charges and bills every purchaser an identical, flat freight charge. A price reduction for buying merchandise out of season. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A modification of uniform delivered pricing that divides the United States (or the total market) into segments or zones and charges a flat freight rate to all customers in a given zone. A payment to a dealer for promoting the manufacturer’s products. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A price tactic in which the seller pays all or part of the actual freight charges and does not pass them on to the buyer. A cash refund given for the purchase of a product during a specific period. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 basing-point pricing Chapter 18 bait pricing Chapter 18 odd–even pricing (psychological pricing) single-price tactic Chapter 18 Chapter 18 flexible pricing (variable pricing) Chapter 18 price bundling Chapter 18 price lining Chapter 18 unbundling Chapter 18 leader pricing (loss-leader pricing) Chapter 18 two-part pricing Chapter 18 A price tactic that tries to get consumers into a store through false or misleading price advertising and then uses high-pressure selling to persuade consumers to buy more expensive merchandise. A price tactic that charges freight from a given (basing) point, regardless of the city from which the goods are shipped. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A price tactic that uses odd-numbered prices to connote bargains and even-numbered prices to imply quality. A price tactic that offers all goods and services at the same price (or perhaps two or three prices). Chapter 18 Chapter 18 Marketing two or more products in a single package for a special price. A price tactic in which different customers pay different prices for essentially the same merchandise bought in equal quantities. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 Reducing the bundle of services that comes with the basic product. The practice of offering a product line with several items at specific price points. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 A price tactic that charges two separate amounts to consume a single good or service. A price tactic in which a product is sold near or even below cost in the hope that shoppers will buy other items once they are in the store. Chapter 18 Chapter 18 consumer penalty Chapter 18 Chapter 18 product line pricing Chapter 18 joint costs Chapter 18 delayed-quotation pricing Chapter 18 escalator pricing Chapter 18 price shading The use of discounts by salespeople to increase demand for one or more products in a line. Chapter 18 An extra fee paid by the consumer for violating the terms of the purchase agreement. Chapter 18 Setting prices for an entire line of products. Chapter 18 Costs that are shared in the manufacturing and marketing of several products in a product line. Chapter 18 A price tactic used for industrial installations and many accessory items, in which a firm price is not set until the item is either finished or delivered. Chapter 18 A price tactic in which the final selling price reflects cost increases incurred between the time the order is placed and the time delivery is made. Chapter 18