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Unit 2 : The French Revolution What will we learn today? 10.2.2 List the principles of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789). 10.2.4 Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire Europe. Warm up 9 Why was napoleon a hero to The french people? What actions did Napoleon take that made him A dictator? 1. Explain Napoleon’s tactical and political mistakes 2. Summarize Napoleon’s defeat, comeback, and final downfall. • What were the major mistakes that Napoleon made during his quest to conquer Europe? • Napoleon’s conquests aroused nationalistic feelings across Europe and contributed to his downfall. Check for Understanding • Which leader was inspired by the ideas of the American Revolution and the Enlightenment to lead the liberation of much of South America from Spain? (Hint George Washington of South America) Check for Understanding • What was the name of the social and political system that divided France? • Who were the bourgeoisie? • What was the first popular protest in France at the start of the Revolution? Check for Understanding • What was one factor that enabled Napoleon to seize control of France? • A military seizure of political power in a nation is called? • What was the Napoleonic Code? Bonaparte Crossing the Alps Delaroche Napoleon Crossing the Alps David Crossing the Alps - Propaganda • Worried about what would happen to his empire after his death • Feared it would fall apart unless he had an heir • Josephine failed to bear him a child • Divorced her and married Marie Louise of Austria (grandniece of Marie Antoinette) • 1811 Napoleon II was born • Personality proved to be the greatest danger to the future of the empire • Desire for power led him to great heights and the same love of power led him to his doom • His efforts to expand the French Empire and crush Great Britain, Napoleon made three disastrous mistakes Napoleon Needs to Learn Modesty • Why did Napoleon divorce Josephine? She did not produce an heir What was Napoleon’s greatest weakness? His selfish desire for power Three Costly Mistakes 1. The Continental System 2. The Peninsular War 3. Invasion of Russia The Continental System 1. 2. 3. Napoleon wanted to stop all trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations. Napoleon imposes a blockade on Great Britain. Blockade: a forcible closing of ports by the navy. Napoleon claims this will make the European economy stronger. • Blockade not tight enough to keep smugglers from bringing British cargo into Europe • Family members and Allies disregarded the blockade • Britain responded with their own blockade which was much stronger and successful Epic Fail The Peninsular War • • • • Portugal was ignoring the Continental System Napoleon sent troops through Spain to invade Portugal. Spanish towns rioted in protest. Napoleon throws out the Spanish King and makes his brother Joseph the new king. • Spanish worried Napoleon would weaken the church • Guerrillas (peasant fighters) struck out against French for 6 years • Napoleon couldn‘t defeat the Guerrillas in open battle • small groups ambushed troops and fled into hiding • British aided the Spanish The Third of May 1808 Francisco Goya • Napoleon lost about 300,000 men which weakened the French Empire • In Spain and other countries, Nationalism was becoming a weapon against Napoleon. • Nationalism: the belief that people should be loyal to their nation. • People who first welcomed the French as their liberators now felt abused by a foreign conquer • Spanish guerillas, Germans, and Italians turned against the French • Most disastrous mistake (1812) • Alexander I, Russian Czar, refused to stop selling grain to Britain • Both were competing for the take over of Poland • Napoleon felt a breakdown between their alliance and invades Russia with 422,000 troops. • As Napoleon’s troops advanced Alexander pulled back refusing to be lured into an unequal battle • Russians practiced scorched earth policy-burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock to leave nothing for the enemy to eat THE INVASION OF RUSSIA The Invasion of Russia • Napoleon marched into Moscow to find it burning up in flames • Alexander destroyed Russia’s “holy city” instead of surrendering it to the French • Once Napoleon wanted to turn back to France, the weather was cold and harsh • Russian raiders mercilessly attacked the retreating and very tired French army • Many soldiers were killed in battle, died of their wounds, exhaustion, hunger, and cold • Only 10,000 French soldiers were left to fight Why did Napoleon want to blockade Britain? He was bitter about losing a war against them. How did Britain respond to the French blockade? They started their own, more successful blockade against France. Why were the Spanish people upset with Napoleon? They didn’t like how he made his brother king. They also feared he would hurt the Catholic church. What was the Peninsular War? A conflict between Spanish rebels (guerrillas) and Napoleon’s troops. What was Napoleon’s biggest mistake? Invading Russia What did the Russians do to Moscow? They burnt it before Napoleon could get to it. Approximately how many of Napoleon’s troops died in Russia? 410,000 Napoleon's retreat from MoscowNorthen In 1812-Pryanishnikov Check for Understanding What is the scorched earth policy? Check for Understanding What is Nationalism? • France’s enemies take full advantage of his weakened condition. • Austria declares war despite his marriage to Marie Louise Allies form the Fourth Coalition -Britain -Russia -Prussia -Sweden Napoleon Suffers Defeat • Frederick William III of Prussia and Alexander I of Russia paraded their troops into the French capital • Napoleon wanted to fight on but his generals refused Napoleon Suffers Defeat •Napoleon raises another army in only a few months •Inexperienced and untrained =quickly defeated •1814 Napoleon surrenders • April 1814, Napoleon accepts the terms of surrender and gave up his throne • Napoleon was given a small pension (money) and was exiled (banished) to Elba, a tiny island of the coast of Italy Elba Napoleon’s Napoleon’sVilla VillaininElba Elba • Louis XVIII assumes throneunpopular • Peasants suspected him of wanting to undo the Revolution’s reforms and this was incentive for Napoleon to try and regain power • Napoleon escaped from Elba on March 1, 1815 • Joyous crowds welcomed him on his march to Paris • Thousands joined the army and within days, Napoleon was again the Emperor of France BATTLE OF WATERLOO • Allies quickly joined forces and prepared for battle near Waterloo, Belgium • Napoleon attacked but was overpowered by the Allied forces • Hundred days-Napoleon’s last bid for power Battle of Waterloo, Battle of WatBattle of Waterloo - Sadler When the other countries see Napoleon is weak, what do they do? They attack him like a panther would to a wounded cat! Where is Napoleon sent when he surrenders? The island of Elba What was the Hundred Days? Napoleon’s attempt at a comeback SEND HIM FAR, FAR AWAY • Napoleon was shipped to St. Helena, remote island off the South Atlantic • Lived lonely in exile for six years and died in 1821 with stomach problems St. Helena St. Helena St. Helena Les Invalides, Musée de l'Armée • Military genius • Brilliant administrator • Victories and achievements must be measured against the millions of lives that were lost in the wars What was the final battle that Napoleon led? The Battle of Waterloo Where did Napoleon finally live out his final days? The Battle of Waterloo What was Napoleon’s downfall? His thirst for power • “He was as great as a man can be without virtue.”-Alexis de Tocqueville Summary What were the major mistakes that Napoleon made during his quest to conquer Europe? A National Hero Design a commemorative plaque on Pic Collage for Napoleon Bonaparte describing him as a National Hero. Convince people Napoleon is a Hero. Write: (Your own general statement) EX: All of France should recognize the great accomplishments of Napoleon, a hero to us all. Then list 4 reasons positive accomplishments of Napoleon Write a 5 sentence paragraph when you upload your collage that explains why you think Napoleon is a hero. Save your pic collage and upload to: http://padlet.com/mcorrales/napoleonbonaparte Wanted Create a “Wanted Poster” on Pic Collage for Napoleon Bonaparte. Describe him as a villain. Convince people Napoleon is an evil dictator/enemy. Write: (Your own “wanted” statement) EX: Be on the look out for the ruthless, devious, dictator. Napoleon is wanted for: Then list at least 4 reasons why Napoleon is wanted Write a 5 sentence paragraph when you upload your collage that explains why you think Napoleon is a villain. Save your pic collage and upload to: http://padlet.com/mcorrales/napoleonbonaparte QUIZ 2 • 1. The king of France at the beginning of the French Revolution. • 2. A device used for executions during the Reign of Terror. • 3. The meeting in which the 3 estates would meet to vote on a new tax. • 4. The military genius who led the French Army and then seized political power in France. • 5. The person in charge of France during The Reign of Terror. • 6. A forced seizure of political power. • 7. A military strategy in which resources like food/land are destroyed. • 8. The last battle Napoleon fought. • 9. A coalition between Russia, Austria, and Persia. • 10. The system of laws created by Napoleon.