Download ES FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2014

Name: _____________________________
6th Grade Earth Science
Ms. Paciorek
Final Exam Study Guide
(2.1) Spherical Earth (p. 40-46)
1. Define sphere, and tell why Earth is not a perfect sphere.
2. Define gravity.
3. Define density.
(2.2 ) Earth’s Interior (p. 48-56)
4. List & describe the three major layers of Earth’s interior. Give as many details as possible.
5. Describe Earth’s magnetic field.
6. Why it the magnetic field important for life on Earth?
(3.1) What is a Mineral (p. 76-84)
7. Define mineral.
8. What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust? (p. 81)
9. What is the difference between lava and magma? (your favorite!)
(3.2) How are Minerals Identified (p. 86-92)
10. Define mineralogists.
11. List & describe the physical properties scientists use to identify minerals. (color, luster, etc.)
12. What is Mohs scale?
13. Name the hardest & softest minerals on Mohs scale.
(4.1) Rocks and the Rock Cycle (p. 110-116)
14. Define the following terms: rock, sediment, and grain.
15. List the 3 main types of rock, and tell how each is formed.
16. Define rock cycle, and be familiar with the diagram on p. 115.
(7.3) The Theory of Plate Tectonics (p. 232-241)
17. State the theory of plate tectonics.
18. The place where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. List & describe the 3 major types of
plate boundaries (p. 235). What type of activity might you find at each boundary?
19. Study the plate map on p. 234 and memorize the plates.
20. What is subduction, and where does it occur? (at what type of boundary?)
(9.1) Earthquakes (p. 292-305)
21. What is an earthquake and what causes earthquakes to occur?
22. What is a fault?
23. What are seismic waves?
24. List & describe the 3 types of seismic waves.
25. Define focus & epicenter. How are the two related?
26. Define: seismologist, seismometer, & seismogram.
27. Give a detailed description of both the Richter Scale and the Modified Mercalli Scale.
Name: _____________________________
6th Grade Earth Science
Ms. Paciorek
(9.2 ) Volcanoes (p. 306-317)
28. What is the Ring of Fire?
29. List & describe the 3 main types of volcanoes. Give the shape and eruption style. (p. 310)
30. What is volcanic ash?
31. What is a pyroclastic flow?
32. Explain how volcanic eruptions can influence climate change?
(11.1) Geologic History & the Evolution of Life (p. 362-368)
33. List the 3 eras in the Phanerozoic Eon from the oldest to the most recent.
34. Scientists estimate that the Earth formed about _______ years ago.
35. What is a mass extinction? How many mass extinction occurred in Earth’s history?
36. Describe several events that may cause a mass extinction.
(12.1) Describing Earth’s Atmosphere (p. 408-416)
37. Define atmosphere & describe how Earth’s atmosphere protects all life forms.
38. Define water vapor.
39. List the gases in Earth’s atmosphere from the most abundant to the least abundant (include
percentages).
40. List the layers of the atmosphere in the correct order (start with troposphere).
41. Where is the ozone layer found & why is it important?
42. As you go higher in the troposphere, what happens to the temperature & air pressure?
43. Explain WHY air pressure is greatest at sea level & lowest on a mountain peak.
(13.1) Describing Weather (p. 450-456)
44. What is a meteorologist?
45. Define air pressure, and tell how air pressure is measured.
46. Define wind.
47. Define humidity.
48. Describe the relationship between air temperature and water vapor. (p. 453, Figure 3)
49. Define dew point.
50. What are clouds & how do they form?
51. Describe the 4 steps in the water cycle, starting with evaporation. Which step forms clouds?
(13.2) Weather Patterns (p. 458-468)
52. Cool air masses have high pressure, while warm air masses have low pressure. What kind of
weather does a high-pressure system bring? What kind of weather does a low-pressure
system bring?
53. Define air mass.
54. Define front.
55. What is a cumulonimbus cloud?
56. Define tornado.
57. What is the Fujita scale, and how does it work?
58. Define hurricane.
59. Define blizzard.
60. Tell the difference between a severe weather watch & a warning.
Name: _____________________________
6th Grade Earth Science
Ms. Paciorek
(14.1) Climates of Earth (p. 486-492)
61. Define climate, and tell how climate differs from weather.
62. Define latitude.
63. Define altitude (or elevation).
(14.2 ) Climate Cycles (p. 495-501)
64. How do scientists determine the climate of ancient Earth? (What type of evidence do they study?)
65. Define ice ages & interglacials. Which one are we in now?
(14.3) Recent Climate Change (p. 504-510)
66. Define global warming.
67. Define greenhouse gas.
68. List the 3 main greenhouse gases.
69. List the possible environmental impacts of climate change. (p. 508)
(19.1) Observing the Universe (p. 688-696)
70. How do electromagnetic waves differ from sound waves?
71. List the 7 types of electromagnetic waves from lowest to highest energy.
72. Contrast hot stars with cool stars. (Which waves to they give off & what color are they?)
73. What is the color & temperature range of our Sun?
74. Stars make their own energy and emit light, but planets and moons do not. Why do we see planets
and moons?
75. How fast do all electromagnetic waves travel?
76. Explain why space-based telescopes are superior to land-based telescopes.
(19.2 ) Early History of Space Exploration (p. 698-704)
77. What is a rocket, and what are rockets used for?
78. Define satellite.
79. What are artificial satellites used for? (name at least 3 uses)
80. What does NASA stand for?
81. List the 3 main types of space probes. (p. 701)
82. Define lunar.
83. Define space shuttle.
84. What is the International Space Station (ISS), and what is is used for?
(20.1) Earth’s Motion (p. 724-732)
85. How long does it take Earth to complete one revolution?
86. What keeps the Earth in orbit around the Sun?
87. How long does it take Earth to complete one rotation?
88. Because of Earth’s rotation, the Sun appears to move from ____ to _____ across the sky.
89. What causes the seasons to change? (p. 729)
Name: _____________________________
6th Grade Earth Science
Ms. Paciorek
(20.2 ) Earth’s Moon (p. 734-740)
90. What is the time for the Moon’s rotation and revolution?
91. What is the giant impact hypothesis?
92. How did the Moon’s craters form?
93. What are maria, and how did they form?
94. Why has the surface of the Moon remain unchanged for billions of years?
(20.3) Eclipses & Tides (p. 742-749)
95. Explain what happens during a solar eclipse.
96. Explain what happens during a lunar eclipse.
97. Define tides.
(21.1) Structure of the Solar System (p. 760-766)
98. What does AU stand for?
99. The Earth is ______ AU from the Sun.
100.Define period of rotation & period of revolution. Which determines the length of a day? Which
determines the length of a year?
101.Describe the shape of planetary orbits.
102.Define comet.
103.Define asteroid.
104.Where is the asteroid belt?
(21.2 ) The Inner Planets (p. 768-774)
105.The inner planets are also called the __________ planets.
106.Name the 4 inner planets in order from the Sun.
107.Why is Venus so hot?
108.Describe Mars’s atmosphere.
(21.3) The Outer Planets (p. 776-782)
109.The outer planets are also called the _____________.
110.Name the 4 outer planets in order from the asteroid belt.
111.What 2 gases make up the atmospheres of all the outer planets?
112.What is the Great Red Spot?
(21.4) Dwarf Planets & Other Objects (p. 784-789)
113.Why is Pluto classified as a dwarf planet?
114.How does Pluto’s size compare to the size of our Moon?
115.What is the Kuiper belt? (p. 786)
116.Distinguish between the following terms: meteor and meteorite.