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Rocks, Weathering and Erosion define and provide examples of weathering and erosion describe the three classes of rocks Types of Rocks ● There are three types of rock categories based on their composition and conditions of formation ○ Igneous ○ Sedimentary ○ Metamorphic Igneous Rocks ● ● ● ● ● Igneous rock are the most abundant and are formed from molten magma from the Earth’s mantle or from lava. Igneous rocks have large crystals if the magma cools slowly while still being under ground Igneous rock have small crystals or a fine grain appearance, if the magma cools quickly. Most igneous rocks contain a various combinations of quartz, mica, olivine, hornblende, pyroxene and two feldspars Example: Basalt and Granite Sedimentary Rocks ● ● ● ● Sedimentary Rocks are formed by the settling out of solid particles from air, water or glacial ice into layers called sediments The sediments are composed of rock particles, the remains of plants or animals or a combination of the two The sediments are cemented and compressed in a process called lithification, which occurs as additional layers settle on top and apply additional pressure to the lower layers forming a sedimentary rock Example: Shale, Limestone and coal Metamorphic Rocks ● ● ● Metamorphic rocks form from all other types of rocks that have undergone a change in form due to high pressure and heat deep within the Earth’s crust or mantle Heat and pressure produce physical or chemical changes to the rocks, compressing and transforming them. Example: Marble, Slate, and Gneiss Physical Weathering ● ● ● ● ● Weathering is a process by which rocks are broken down and altered by exposure to environmental conditions Physical or Mechanical Weathering is the weakening of rocks that does not involve a chemical reactions Alternating heating and cooling makes rocks expand and contract. When water seeps into the cracks and pores, then freezes, thus expanding the cracks. Plant roots enlarge and split open cracks into rocks These all contribute to the weakening and breaking down large rock into smaller pieces through weathering. Chemical Weathering ● ● ● ● Chemical Weathering chemically alters the mineral components of rocks. The action of oxygen from air and water causes an oxidation reaction decomposing minerals, especially in the rocks that contain iron When iron is found in combination with sulfur, it weakens the rock When a reddish or yellowish stain is found that is also a product of oxidation Rock Cycle Videos 3 types Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPgE74Vltdc 3 types of Rocks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bkyXvYP4jM Erosion https://www.hoopladigital.com/title/10028878 Bill Nye