Download Device for projecting and viewing stereoscopic pictures

Aug. 5 , 1924.
L. PICTET ET AL
1,503,766
DEVICE FOR PROJECTING AND VIEWING STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES
Filed Dec. 5, 1923
1,503,766
Patented Aug. 5, 1924.
UNITED STATESQPA'TENT OFFICE.
LUCIEN PICTET AND MARIO OANTONI, OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. .
DEVICE FOR PROS!
AND VIEWING STEREOS‘COPIG PICTURES.
Application ?led December 5, 1923. Serial No. 678,830.
To all whom it may concern:
comprising piles of glass employing two
_ e.
Be it known that we,_LUoIEN PIoTnr'; a pencils of polarized light for the projection
citizen of the Swiss Republic, and MA'nIo of two stereoscopic pictures, through the
CANTONI, a subject of the King of Italy, medium of two distinct or combined optical
both residing at 10 Rue Senebier, Geneva, systems, the polarizing elements are set in
Switzerland, have invented new and useful such a manner that their respective plane of
Improvements in Devices for Projecting and polarization will be horizontal and vertical.
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Viewing Stereoscopic Pictures, of which the This method of setting makes it possible to
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following is a speci?cation.
obtain a good light on the‘whole surface of
The present invention relates to devices the negative and, when the polarizin ele
for obtaining stereoscopic views of projec ments are piles of glass, allows of suc ele
tions by means of the application of polar ments being rectangular and correspondin
ized light.
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,
The invention comprises a projection ap
paratus and binoculars of which the combi
to analyzin binoculars of which the piles of
glass are a so rectangular, but these piles,
placed the one vertically and the other hori
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nation makes it possible to observe a stereo
'zontally, have the drawback that the polar
scopic projection with a perfect impression ized light-pencils are displaced by refrac
of the relief.
The device is applicable‘ as tlon in the glasses, the one in the direction
well to the projection of simple stereoscopic of the height and the other in the direction
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‘20 views as to ordinary or stereoscopic kine of the width; it then becomes very di?icult
matography and to the projection of opaque to correct these two different displacements
bodies, more particularly of stereoscopic
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in such manner that the light-pencils will re
main focused upon the pictures of the stere
The device according to the invention is oscopic negative; the luminosity ceases to
characterized by the provision of a single be equal on the two pictures, and the stereo
source of light transmitting its rays to two\ scopic impression su?‘ers accordingly. This
distinct or combined projection apparatus drawback becomes still more noticeable when
by means of two juxtaposed mirrors which the projected pictures are viewed through
views on ‘opaque paper.
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analyzing binoculars. Indeed, owing to
allel or converging light-pencils spaced Vin these refractions of the light rays, the points
re?ect these rays in the shape of two par
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relation to each other of the uantity neces~ of‘ reception in the eyes will not be at the
-> sary to a good luminosity of t e two optical same height for each eye, and the eyes will
systems.
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Every source of light emits rays in all di
rections, but only the rays reaching the con
have to accommodate themselves, the one in
height and the other in width in order to
correct these differences, hence an appre
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denser are used. In the novel device accord ciable fatigue.
Such analyzing binoculars moreover pos
ing to the invention use is made not only of
the backward rays, but also of the lateral sess the disadvantage that they have a right
rays which are usually lost. In this manner and a wrong side, one of theends having
about twice as many rays are utilized and to be placed before the eyes: if the other end
the intensity obtained on the project-ion is placed before the eyes, they do not any
' screen remains substantially the same as that more polarize in the required direction.
which would be obtained in two apparatus
In order to avoid these drawbacks, while
with two sources of light each of'the same maintaining a good luminosity of the nega
power as the single source required in the tives, the polarizing elements of the device
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present device. This conduces to a much according to the invention are set in such a
better utilization of the light, a minimum manner that their plane of polarization
heating of the ap aratus, and an important
economy in the inltial cost of the apparatus
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The two juxtaposed mirrors may be pro
vided with adjusting means whereby the
light-pencils which the re?ect may be
moved in relation to eao
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source of light.
forms an angle of 45° to the horizon. The 4
polarizing elements and the corresponding
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analyzing binoculars refract the li ht in the
horizontal direction. The two lig t-pencils
illuminate the two pictures equally and, as
to the analyzing binoculars, the eyes accom
other and to the modate themselves much more easily and
without any fatigue, as the displacements
In all polarization devices of known type are both symmetrically out of axis. Further
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naoaneo
-
.
there is no more front endand back end to in the. same manner as the polarizing .ele
‘the said binoculars, which. polarize as well. ments? and P’, onlyvallow the‘ passage each j?
in one direction as in the other.
- one of thell?/ght-pencils.
The shape of the glasses constituting the ofThe
mirrors Iand‘YM' are provided with
piles of glass becomes a parallelogram of adjusting means (not shown), whereby their 70
the lozenge type it is however not neces position in relation to each otheror to the.
sa for the four sides of this parallelogram source of lightmay be varied in order to .
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to equal). The supports 0 these glasses obtain a variation of "the direction of the
remain rectangular, but the glasses are‘ re?ected light-pencils.
placed according to a diagonal, while main
Referring more particularl to Fig. 5, it
taining the inclination required for a good will be seen that the analyzing binoculars
polarization. The line of intersection of are constituted by suitable supports of
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these two piles, of lozenge shape, placed at square cross section in which are placed the
right angles to each other, between them, is polarizing piles of glass A and A’, the
shorter than for any other setting: The sin
gle source of light may therefore be
brought nearer to the pictures to be pro
jected, which conduces to a better utilization
of the li ht and to an increase of the lumi
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In the accompanying drawings:
planes of the latter being inclined to the ex
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tent of 45° tothe horizon.
The invention is not limited to this type ‘
of binoculars, but also includes any other
type wherein the polarizing elements, con
stituted by iles of glass, are arranged so
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that their p anes are inclined of the same
Fi . 1 is a diagrammatic plan showing the angle in relation to the horizon.
comp ete projection apparatus;
The invention further includes the ap
Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows the posi plication of the above described device in
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tion of the re?ecting mirrors of a stereoscopic kinematography.
projlection apparatus applied in kinematog
m
.;
It is indeed possible to
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use the same device including a single
source of light, adjustable mirrors, polariz
ig. 3 shows the position of the re?ecting ing elements, condensers, objectives, in com
mirrors of an apparatus for stereoscopic bination with analyzing binoculars, to ob
kinematographic projection, adapted for or tain the stereoscopic projection and to pre
dinary projection;
.Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the
shape of a polarizing, element constituted
by a pile of glass, with its support, and
Fig. 5 is a plan view of analyzing binocu
lars to be used in conjunction with the de
scribed stereoscopic projection apparatus.
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sent to the eye of the spectator stereoscopic
view 'on the screen either of an ordinary or
of a stereoscopic ?lm. In this application
(see Fig. 2) in view of the restricted dis
tance between the axes of the views to be
projected, use may be made of mirrors M
and M’ out along a chord as illustrated in
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Referring toHFi . 1, the device comprises the said ?gure.
a single source of ight S, two concave mir
The kinematographic apparatus, adapted
rors M and M’, two polarizing elements P in this manner, may also serve for ordinary
and P’ set at 45° to the horizon, two con projections, as it is possible to adjust the
densers C and C’, the two pictures I and I’
of the stereoscopic negative R, the two 0b
jectives ‘O and O’, a projection screen E, and
analyzing binoculars comprising two ele—
ments A and A’ forming, like the aforesaid
polarizing elements, an angle of 45° to the
horizon.
The source of light S projects its rays
mirrors in such manner as to concentrate
the light-pencils re?ected thereby in a sin
gle po)int before one of the objectives. (see
Fig. 3 .
The invention is ?nally also applicable to
the projection of opaque bodies, and more
particularly of opaque stereoscopic views.
We claim:
on the mirrors M and M’, which re?ect same
1. Device for projecting and view'
each in the shape of a parallel light-pencil, stereoscopic pictures comprising a pairug
and these light-pencils each pass through the juxtaposed mirrors arranged to re?ect the
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corresponding polarizing elements P and P’, light of a single source of luminous power
whereby they become polarized, and they of the shape of two light—pencils of which
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reach the condensers C and C’ which concen— the interaxial spacing is equal to that of the
trate them to the required point of each of centres of the stereoscopic views to be pro
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face E, suitable adjusting means (not tuted by two piles of glass at right angles to
shown) making it possible to obtain the each other and of which the planes of po
superposition of the two pictures of the said larization form an angle of 45° to the
screen. From the latter, the said rays are horizon, optical means for focusing the two
retransmitted to the analyzing binoculars pictures projected by the two polarized
of which the elements A and A’, being set light-pencils upon the screen so that they
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the objectives 0 and 0’ after havin - passed jected, a pair of polarizing elements placed
throu h the pictures I and I’; the o jectives in the path of said light-pencils as near to
0 an 0’ project same onto the screen sur the source of light as possible and consti~
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1,503,766
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are superposed one on the other thereon; in near to the source of light as possible and 40
combination with analyzing binoculars to constituted by two piles of glass at right
be interposed before the eyes of the spec angles to each other and of which the planes
tator and comprising a pair of polarizing of polarization form an angle of 45° to the
elements of which the planes of polarization horizon, adjustable means for focusing the
form an angle of 45° to the horizon; sub
stantially as described.
two pictures projected by the two polarized
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light-pencils upon the screen so that they
2. Device for projecting and viewing are superposed one on the other thereon; in
stereoscopic pictures comprising a pair of combination with analyzing binoculars to
adjustable juxtaposed mirrors arranged to be interposed before the eyes of the spec
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re?ect the light of a single source of tator and comprising a pair of polarizing
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luminous power in the shape of two light elements of which the’ planes of polariza
pencils of which the interaxial spacing is tion form an angle of 45° to the horizon;
equal to that of the centres of the stereo substantially as described.
4. In a device for projecting and viewing
scopic views to be projected, a pair of polar
izing elements placed in the path of said stereoscopic pictures as claimed in claim 1,
light-pencils as near to the source of light as analyzing binoculars comprising a pair of
possible and constituted by two piles of glass polarizing elements mounted in a suitable
at right angles to each other and of which support and constituted by piles of glass set
the planes of polarization form an angle of in such manner that their planes of polari
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45° to the horizon, optical means for focus
zation both form an angle of 45° to the
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ing the two pictures projected by the two
horizon.
polarized light-pencils upon the screen so
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5. In a device for projecting and viewing
that they are superposed one on the other stereoscopic pictures as claimed in claim 2,
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thereon; in combination with analyzing more particularly adapted for ordinary
kinematographic projection, the provision of
of the spectator and comprising a pair of two adjustable re?ecting mirrors out along
polarizing elements of which the planes of a chord in such manner as to bring their
_ binoculars to be interposed before the eyes
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polarization form an angle of 45° to the focuses appropriately nearer to each other;
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for the purpose set forth.
horizon; substantially as described.
3. Device for projecting and viewing In testimony whereof we signed hereunto
stereoscopic pictures comprising a pair of our names in the presence of two subscrib~
juxtaposed mirrors arranged to re?ect the ing witnesses.
light of a single source of luminous power
LU CIEN PICTET.
in the shape of two light pencils of which
MARIO CANTONI.
the interaxial spacing is equal to that of
Witnesses :
the centres of the stereoscopic views to be
projected, a pair of polarizing elements
R. DELANO,
placed in the path of said light-pencils as
RMD. GRAND’RU.
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